Numerical modeling of complex heat transfer phenomena in cooling applications
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Màquines i Motors Tèrmics
Document typeDoctoral thesis
Data de defensa2015-06-26
PublisherUniversitat Politècnica de Catalunya
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Abstract
Multiphase and multicomponent flows are frequently encountered in the cooling applications due to combined heat transfer and phase change phenomena. Two-fluid and homogeneous mixture models are chosen to numerically study these flows in the cooling phenomena. Therefore this work is divided in two main parts. In the first part, a two-fluid model algorithm for free surface flows is presented. The two fluid model is usually used as a tool to simulate dispersed flow. With its extension, it may also be applied to large interface (separated) flow. In the second part, the homogeneous mixture model for the multicomponent flow is employed to solve evaporation problems. Finally the simulation is focused on the mixed transitional or turbulent flow with and without evaporation.
In detail, this thesis consists of six chapters. The first chapter is devoted to an introduction to the two-fluid and homogeneous mixture models employed in the multiphase/multicomponent flow. The multiphase classification is explained and the previous works on the two models are reviewed.
The second chapter is mainly focused on the application of the Fractional step method algorithm in the two-fluid model. In addition, the Conservative Level Set method(interface sharpening) is applied to overcome the weakness of the two-fluid model (numerical diffusion of the interface), which is often encountered in the simulations using this model. With the proposed algorithm, the two-fluid model suitable for the dispersed flow is extended to the separated flow.
The homogeneous mixture model is introduced in the third chapter. As an application of this model, different evaporation cases have been tested. A hydrodynamically fully developed laminar flow in a horizontal duct is firstly studied. It is used to verify the model in a laminar flow considering constant physical properties. Water falling films are often applied to enhance the heat transfer. Therefore the second case analyzes the natural convection in a cavity with liquid film (assuming variable physical properties), and validates the falling film model. Finally, a third case is focused
on mixed convective flow interacting with a water falling liquid film. The effects of heat flux on the evaporation rate and the flow structure are investigated employing numerical experiments.
In the fourth chapter, the laminarization phenomena of turbulent forced flow in a vertical pipe with constant heat flux is studied. These studies validate the prediction ability of large eddy simulation in this complex situation. Afterwards additional cases in a long vertical pipe (100 times diameters) are conducted and the results are compared with the existing experimental data. Throughout the whole pipe, the flow state follows a complicated process, which includes turbulent-laminar and laminar-turbulent transitions. This problem is of great significance in industrial applications for it may result in the enhancement or impairment of heat transfer.
Based on the previous verification of the model in turbulent and transitional flow, the simulation of the cooling in a uniformly heated vertical tube is conducted in the fifth chapter with an ascending flow of air and a falling film. This case also involves the transitional complex flow and boundary conditions of falling film with simultaneous heat/mass transfer. The variable factors affecting the evaporation and thermal efficiency have been analyzed.
In Appendix C, as an application in engineering of the work developed within the thesis, a series of flows in a complex geometry of a refrigerator chamber without or with fins are simulated to obtain their effects on the flow distribution and mixing feature.
In the last chapter, the main conclusions are summarized and the future works are listed. Debido a la transferencia de calor y de cambio de fase, fenomenología multifase y multicomponente se encuentra en las aplicaciones de refrigeración. Dependiendo de la estructura de interfaz multifase pueden clasificarse como flujo separado (flujo estratificado), de transición o mezclado flujo y flujo disperso. Dependiendo de los diferentes estados de flujo de dos fases, se deben aplicar diferentes modelos. La presente tesis se centra principalmente en flujo separado. Modelos de mezcla homogénea de dos fluidos se emplean para simular fenómenos de enfriamiento en multifase. Este trabajo se divide en dos partes principales. En la primera parte, un algoritmo de modelo de dos fluidos de la superficie libre se presenta. El modelo de dos fluidos se utiliza generalmente como una herramienta para simular flujo disperso. En la segunda parte, el modelo de mezcla homogénea para flujo multicomponente se emplea para resolver el problemas de evaporación. Finalmente se simulan flujos turbulentos con influencia de la fuerza de flotabilidad. El objetivo a largo plazo es acoplar los dos modelos, que podrían resolver todos los regímenes de flujo y tendrian aplicación en problemas industriales. La presente tesis se compone de seis capítulos. El primer capítulo está dedicado a una introducción a los modelos de mezcla homogénea de dos fluidos empleados en el flujo multifásico / multicomponente. La clasificación de múltiples fases se explica y se revisa la bibliografia existente. El segundo capítulo se centra principalmente en la aplicación del Fractional Step Method en bifasico. Con el algoritmo propuesto, el modelo de dos fluidos adecuado para el flujo disperso se extiende al flujo separado. El modelo para mezcla homogénea se introduce en el tercer capítulo con las mismas ecuaciones de masa, cantidad de movimiento, energía y concentración. Se aplica en casos de evaporación y condensación. El flujo laminar completamente desarrollado en un conducto horizontal se estudia en primer lugar considerando propiedades físicas constantes para verificar el modelo en un flujo laminar. La simulacion de convección natural en una cavidad con propiedades físicas variables y película de líquido se realiza numéricamente para validar el modelo de película descendente. Finalmente, el flujo de convección mixta se investiga en un film descendente. Los efectos de los diferentes parámetros en la evaporación y el flujo son investigados mediante experimentos numéricos. En el cuarto capítulo, la laminarización de flujo turbulento forzado en un tubo vertical con flujo de calor constante se estudia para validar la capacidad de predicción de los modelos LES en el flujo de convección mixta de transición turbulenta-laminar con fuerte fuerza de flotación. Se llevan a cabo estudios numericos y los resultados se comparan con los datos experimentales existentes. A lo largo de toda el conducto, el estado de flujo sigue un proceso complicado, que incluye turbulencia.
CitationHou, X. Numerical modeling of complex heat transfer phenomena in cooling applications. Tesi doctoral, UPC, Departament de Màquines i Motors Tèrmics, 2015. DOI 10.5821/dissertation-2117-95732 . Available at: <http://hdl.handle.net/2117/95732>
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