Els llindars de lo públic : l'equipament bàsic per a les diferents escales urbanístiques a Catalunya i Alemanya
10.5821/dissertation-2117-94286
Inclou dades d'ús des de 2022
Cita com:
hdl:2117/94286
Càtedra / Departament / Institut
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Urbanisme i Ordenació del Territori
Tipus de documentTesi
Data de defensa2008-12-23
EditorUniversitat Politècnica de Catalunya
Condicions d'accésAccés obert
Tots els drets reservats. Aquesta obra està protegida pels drets de propietat intel·lectual i
industrial corresponents. Sense perjudici de les exempcions legals existents, queda prohibida la seva
reproducció, distribució, comunicació pública o transformació sense l'autorització del titular dels drets
Abstract
Public surrenders of land in Spain must receive strong legislative support due to the existence of an eminently private town planning initiative.
Thus, the quantities of facilities, green spaces and areas for road use will be regulated in the different town planning laws of autonomous regions, this being a far cry from what could initially seem political will or decisions at the whim of the town councils.
The aim was to study the surrenders of facilities in Catalonia within the framework of the other Autonomous Regions of Spain, the context required for the correct comprehension of the prevailing situation. Based on a hypothesis of common town planning parameters, the Town Planning Act of each Autonomous Region has been applied.
The heterogeneity of surrenders between Autonomous Regions and the range of options for the provision of collective assets deriving from this endangers the Spanish public facility provision model in general. It is difficult to understand how under a minimum common denominator of power and a theoretically fair system of funding Autonomous Regions there is such a broad margin of regulation and results of surrender.
Whilst the different town planning laws allow public land to be obtained through surrenders by private developers in favour of the local government, a second legislative package regulates the services to be provided in the facility plots previously obtained.
The different municipal and local laws drafted by the Autonomous Regions within the framework of basic Spanish law require a series of services from the municipal government according to the population of the municipality.
With laws of such diverse origin and mandate, it is inevitable that doubt will be cast over the obliged convergence. will sufficient land be obtained from town planning laws to accommodate the facilities deriving from the application of municipal laws? And further, is a state Act valid as a response to the broad Spanish municipal idiosyncrasy?
With this, residential growth seems to be the most important way to obtain public land, what, then, should be the "minimum urban expression" to guarantee a sufficient contribution of surrendered land?
All urban services or activities appear under a "minimum threshold", which at the same time defines the "minimum unit". A certain level of population is required for the existence of commerce, a service, etc.; the area moves up a rung when the population volume reaches the next threshold. Facilities also participate in this "jump process", as do all other urban activities.
What should this minimum facility provision be?
The most basic and universal services, which should be guaranteed for everyone, are education, healthcare and social services. In order to guarantee these as the most basic facilities, they must be appropriately legislated. As they are directly linked to the end user they can be standardized.
On the contrary, it is not considered convenient to provide standards for all facilities, as many of them would correspond to a second type known as "circumstantial", more linked to the characteristics of the urban centre, which will lend them their purpose and meaning in terms of use.
In Catalonia, "the label of use" for land allocated to facilities is proposed in the plan after consultation with the competent body of the Autonomous Government of Catalonia.
Thus, the municipalities receive insufficiently a percentage of the general state budgets, from which -among other expenses- they must fund the provision of minimum services that far exceed those stipulated in municipal law, and which when all is said and done are programmed and planned by government of the Autonomous Region.
This chaos of power and funding makes difficult to apply the policies of the Autonomous Government.
The different departments draft plans and programmes with contents and objectives taken basically from the experience of whoever writes them. A few departments are the exception to this. Different bodies in the European Union produce reference values for the areas of healthcare, education, sport and culture. The departments that have these use them either for programming or for evaluation purposes.
By producing indicators in this way, the EU is demonstrating a growing concern for the quality of social infrastructures, allowing dissemination of levels of service provision.
There can be no quality without controlling quantity. In the increasingly more homogenous European space, where member states exchange and share information, it has become necessary to establish some qualitative and quantitative minimums for the basic and universal provision of facilities, which should materialize in European standards of social infrastructures. Les cessions públiques de terrenys a Espanya han de rebre un fort suport legislatiu a causa de l’existència d’una iniciativa urbanística eminentment privada.
Així, les quantitats d’equipaments, espais verds i zones d’ús de la carretera es regularan a les diferents lleis urbanístiques de les comunitats autònomes, allunyant-se del que inicialment podria semblar voluntat política o decisions al caprici dels ajuntaments.
L’objectiu era estudiar les cessions d’instal·lacions a Catalunya en el marc de les altres comunitats autònomes d’Espanya, el context necessari per a la correcta comprensió de la situació imperant. A partir d’una hipòtesi de paràmetres urbanístics comuns, s’ha aplicat la Llei d’urbanisme de cada comunitat autònoma.
L’heterogeneïtat de les cessions entre comunitats autònomes i el ventall d’opcions per a la provisió d’actius col·lectius derivats d’això posa en perill el model de subministrament d’equipaments públics espanyols en general. És difícil entendre com sota un mínim comú denominador de poder i un sistema teòricament just de finançament de les regions autònomes hi ha un marge de regulació tan ampli i resultats de rendició.
Tot i que les diferents lleis urbanístiques permeten obtenir terrenys públics mitjançant cessions de promotors privats a favor del govern local, un segon paquet legislatiu regula els serveis que es prestaran a les parcel·les d’instal·lació anteriorment obtingudes.
Les diferents lleis municipals i locals elaborades per les comunitats autònomes en el marc del dret espanyol bàsic requereixen una sèrie de serveis del govern municipal segons la població del municipi.
Amb lleis d’origen i mandat tan diversos, és inevitable que es posi en dubte la convergència obligada. s’obtindrà prou terreny de les lleis urbanístiques per donar cabuda a les instal·lacions derivades de l’aplicació de les lleis municipals? I, a més, és vàlida una llei estatal com a resposta a l’àmplia idiosincràsia municipal espanyola?
Amb això, el creixement residencial sembla ser la forma més important d'obtenir sòl públic, quina hauria de ser, doncs, la "mínima expressió urbana" per garantir una aportació suficient de sòl cedit?
Tots els serveis o activitats urbanes apareixen sota un "llindar mínim", que alhora defineix la "unitat mínima". Es requereix un cert nivell de població per a l’existència de comerç, servei, etc; l'àrea es mou un esglaó quan el volum de població arriba al següent llindar. Les instal·lacions també participen en aquest "procés de salt", igual que totes les altres activitats urbanes.
Quina hauria de ser aquesta disposició mínima d’instal·lacions? Els serveis més bàsics i universals, que haurien d’estar garantits per a tothom, són l’educació, la sanitat i els serveis socials. Per tal de garantir-los com a instal·lacions més bàsiques, s’han de legislar adequadament. Com que estan directament enllaçats amb l'usuari final, es poden estandarditzar.
Per contra, no es considera convenient proporcionar estàndards per a totes les instal·lacions, ja que moltes d’elles correspondrien a un segon tipus conegut com a “circumstancial”, més lligat a les característiques del centre urbà, que els prestarà el seu propòsit i significat en termes d’ús.
A Catalunya, "l'etiqueta d'ús" dels terrenys assignats a les instal·lacions es proposa al pla després de consultar amb l'òrgan competent de la Generalitat de Catalunya.
Així, els municipis reben un percentatge insuficient dels pressupostos generals de l’Estat, dels quals -entre altres despeses- han de finançar la prestació de serveis mínims que superin amb escreix els estipulats a la legislació municipal i que, tot acabat, siguin programats i planificats pel govern de la Comunitat Autònoma.
Aquest caos de poder i finançament dificulta l’aplicació de les polítiques del govern autonòmic. Els diferents departaments redacten plans i programes amb continguts i objectius extrets bàsicament de l’experiència de qui els escriu. Alguns departaments en són l'excepció. Diferents organismes de la Unió Europea produeixen valors de referència per a les àrees de salut, educació, esport i cultura. Els departaments que en disposen els utilitzen per a programació o avaluació.
En produir indicadors d’aquesta manera, la UE demostra una preocupació creixent per la qualitat de les infraestructures socials, permetent la difusió dels nivells de prestació de serveis.
No hi pot haver qualitat sense controlar la quantitat. A l’espai europeu cada vegada més homogeni, on els estats membres intercanvien i comparteixen informació, s’ha convertit en necessari establir uns mínims qualitatius i quantitatius per al subministrament bàsic i universal d’equipaments, que s’haurien de materialitzar en els estàndards europeus d’infraestructures socials.
Thus, the quantities of facilities, green spaces and areas for road use will be regulated in the different town planning laws of autonomous regions, this being a far cry from what could initially seem political will or decisions at the whim of the town councils.
The aim was to study the surrenders of facilities in Catalonia within the framework of the other Autonomous Regions of Spain, the context required for the correct comprehension of the prevailing situation. Based on a hypothesis of common town planning parameters, the Town Planning Act of each Autonomous Region has been applied.
The heterogeneity of surrenders between Autonomous Regions and the range of options for the provision of collective assets deriving from this endangers the Spanish public facility provision model in general. It is difficult to understand how under a minimum common denominator of power and a theoretically fair system of funding Autonomous Regions there is such a broad margin of regulation and results of surrender.
Whilst the different town planning laws allow public land to be obtained through surrenders by private developers in favour of the local government, a second legislative package regulates the services to be provided in the facility plots previously obtained.
The different municipal and local laws drafted by the Autonomous Regions within the framework of basic Spanish law require a series of services from the municipal government according to the population of the municipality.
With laws of such diverse origin and mandate, it is inevitable that doubt will be cast over the obliged convergence. will sufficient land be obtained from town planning laws to accommodate the facilities deriving from the application of municipal laws? And further, is a state Act valid as a response to the broad Spanish municipal idiosyncrasy?
With this, residential growth seems to be the most important way to obtain public land, what, then, should be the "minimum urban expression" to guarantee a sufficient contribution of surrendered land?
All urban services or activities appear under a "minimum threshold", which at the same time defines the "minimum unit". A certain level of population is required for the existence of commerce, a service, etc.; the area moves up a rung when the population volume reaches the next threshold. Facilities also participate in this "jump process", as do all other urban activities.
What should this minimum facility provision be?
The most basic and universal services, which should be guaranteed for everyone, are education, healthcare and social services. In order to guarantee these as the most basic facilities, they must be appropriately legislated. As they are directly linked to the end user they can be standardized.
On the contrary, it is not considered convenient to provide standards for all facilities, as many of them would correspond to a second type known as "circumstantial", more linked to the characteristics of the urban centre, which will lend them their purpose and meaning in terms of use.
In Catalonia, "the label of use" for land allocated to facilities is proposed in the plan after consultation with the competent body of the Autonomous Government of Catalonia.
Thus, the municipalities receive insufficiently a percentage of the general state budgets, from which -among other expenses- they must fund the provision of minimum services that far exceed those stipulated in municipal law, and which when all is said and done are programmed and planned by government of the Autonomous Region.
This chaos of power and funding makes difficult to apply the policies of the Autonomous Government.
The different departments draft plans and programmes with contents and objectives taken basically from the experience of whoever writes them. A few departments are the exception to this. Different bodies in the European Union produce reference values for the areas of healthcare, education, sport and culture. The departments that have these use them either for programming or for evaluation purposes.
By producing indicators in this way, the EU is demonstrating a growing concern for the quality of social infrastructures, allowing dissemination of levels of service provision.
There can be no quality without controlling quantity. In the increasingly more homogenous European space, where member states exchange and share information, it has become necessary to establish some qualitative and quantitative minimums for the basic and universal provision of facilities, which should materialize in European standards of social infrastructures.
Localització
CitacióMarsal Llacuna, M.L. Els llindars de lo públic : l'equipament bàsic per a les diferents escales urbanístiques a Catalunya i Alemanya. Tesi doctoral, UPC, Departament d'Urbanisme i Ordenació del Territori, 2008. ISBN 9788469226193. DOI 10.5821/dissertation-2117-94286. Disponible a: <http://hdl.handle.net/2117/94286>
Dipòsit legalB.23585-2009
ISBN9788469226193
Altres identificadorshttp://www.tdx.cat/TDX-0313109-103200
Col·leccions
Fitxers | Descripció | Mida | Format | Visualitza |
---|---|---|---|---|
01MLLmll01de07.pdf | 3,041Mb | Visualitza/Obre | ||
02MLLmll02de07.pdf | 23,61Mb | Visualitza/Obre | ||
03MLLmll03de07.pdf | 40,41Mb | Visualitza/Obre | ||
04MLLmll04de07.pdf | 57,23Mb | Visualitza/Obre | ||
05MLLmll05de07.pdf | 44,91Mb | Visualitza/Obre | ||
06MLLmll06de07.pdf | 27,96Mb | Visualitza/Obre | ||
07MLLmll07de07.pdf | 174,2Kb | Visualitza/Obre |