Evaluación del riesgo sísmico en edificios mediante análisis estático no lineal: Aplicación a diversos escenarios sísmicos de Barcelona

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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria del Terreny, Cartogràfica i Geofísica
Document typeDoctoral thesis
Data de defensa2006-09-28
PublisherUniversitat Politècnica de Catalunya
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Abstract
The analysis of the structural seismic response has gained a special importance both for the seismic design of buildings as for predicting the damage caused by earthquakes. In this thesis a complete study about the seismic risk assessment of the two main structural
typologies of residential buildings of Barcelona, Spain, is presented. These correspond to reinforced concrete buildings with waffle slabs and unreinforced masonry buildings. The main goal of this research is to apply a systematic methodology for the seismic risk
assessment, by means of fragility curves, in buildings located in urban zones with moderate seismic hazard.
After revising the conceptual aspects involved in the seismic risk assessment and describing the current state of the art, the adopted methodology to evaluate the structural
capacity, fragility and expected damage analyses is described. To assess the capacity a structural modelling of the buildings and a non-linear static analysis is required. The fragility or vulnerability is evaluated through the capacity spectrum, by means of a simplified procedure. The damage probability matrixes for a given seismic scenario require knowledge of the maximum structural response, which is obtained by using the capacity spectrum method.
The methodology has been applied to three reinforced concrete models representative of
low, mid and high rise buildings of the city; this has allowed developing seismic risk scenarios for two earthquakes, which occurrence in Barcelona is reasonably possible. These scenarios take into account the Barcelona seismic zoning.
The method has been also applied to characterize the expected seismic behaviour of masonry buildings, modelling three typical buildings of the Eixample District. Two of them present different plane configuration, one more regular than the other. The third is
representative of corner buildings, typical of the city's blocks. The better behaviour of the regular buildings compared to corner buildings is confirmed. An aggregate set of buildings, corresponding to a typical line of the district's blocks has been studied. It has been observed that the aggregate behaviour does not improve; instead it inherits the vulnerability of the constituting buildings.
A sensitivity analysis of the slight and extensive threshold damage states is carried out; it is observed that little variations in these thresholds significantly influence the expected damage. Consequently, new thresholds for these damage states are proposed based on certain structural characteristics obtained from the non-linear static analysis. The proposed slight damage threshold takes into account the elastic stiffness degradation, while hardening is considered for the extensive damage state. To validate the results obtained with of the employed methodology, a series of non linear dynamic analysis were carried out in two reinforced concrete buildings.
The global results were compatible with the ones of the methodology. In general, the results show a good confidence level.
Finally, the conclusions drawn the current thesis are summarized and some recommendations for future works are given. El análisis de la respuesta sísmica estructural ha adquirido una importancia especial tanto en el diseño sísmico de edificios como en la predicción del daño causado por los terremotos. En esta tesis se presenta un estudio completo sobre la evaluación del riesgo sísmico de las dos principales tipologías estructurales de los edificios residenciales de Barcelona, España. Estos corresponden a edificios de hormigón armado con forjados reticulares y edificios de obra de fábrica de ladillo. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es estudiar una metodología sistemática para la evaluación del riesgo sísmico, mediante curvas de fragilidad, en edificios ubicados en zonas urbanas con riesgo sísmico moderado.
Después de revisar los aspectos conceptuales involucrados en la evaluación del riesgo sísmico y de describir el estado del conocimiento, se detalla la metodología adoptada para evaluar los análisis estructurales de capacidad, fragilidad y daño esperado en los edificios. La evaluación de la capacidad requiere el modelado estructural de los edificios y un análisis estático no lineal. La fragilidad o vulnerabilidad se cuantifica a partir del espectro de capacidad, mediante un procedimiento simplificado.
Las matrices de probabilidad de daño para un escenario sísmico dado requieren el conocimiento de la respuesta estructural máxima, la cual se obtiene mediante el método del espectro de capacidad.
La metodología se ha aplicado a 3 modelos de hormigón amado representativos de los edificios bajos, de altura media y altos de la ciudad; lo que ha permitido el desarrollo de escenarios de riesgo sísmico para dos terremotos, cuya ocurrencia en Barcelona es razonablemente posible.
El método también se ha aplicado para caracterizar el comportamiento sísmico esperado de los edificios de obra de fábrica de ladrillo, modelando 3 edificios típicos del distrito del Eixample.
Dos de ellos tienen una configuración en planta diferente, uno más regular que el otro. El tercero es representativo de los edificios de esquina, típicos de las manzanas de la ciudad. Se confirma el mejor comportamiento de los edificios regulares en comparación con los edificios de esquina. Se ha estudiado un conjunto agregado de edificios, que corresponde a una línea típica de los bloques del distrito. Se ha observado que el comportamiento agregado no mejora; en cambio, hereda la vulnerabilidad de los edificios constitutivos. Se realiza un análisis de sensibilidad de los estados de daño de umbral leve y extenso; se observa que pequeñas variaciones en estos umbrales influyen significativamente en el daño esperado. En consecuencia, se proponen nuevos umbrales para estos estados de daño basados en ciertas características estructurales obtenidas del análisis estático no lineal. El umbral de daño leve propuesto tiene en cuenta la degradación de la rigidez elástica, mientras que el endurecimiento se considera para el estado de daño extenso. Para validar los resultados obtenidos con la metodología empleada, se llevaron a cabo una serie de análisis dinámicos no lineales en dos edificios de concreto reforzado.
Los resultados globales fueron compatibles con los de la metodología. En general, los resultados muestran un buen nivel de confianza. Finalmente, se resumen las conclusiones extraídas de la tesis actual y se dan algunas recomendaciones para trabajos futuros.
typologies of residential buildings of Barcelona, Spain, is presented. These correspond to reinforced concrete buildings with waffle slabs and unreinforced masonry buildings. The main goal of this research is to apply a systematic methodology for the seismic risk
assessment, by means of fragility curves, in buildings located in urban zones with moderate seismic hazard.
After revising the conceptual aspects involved in the seismic risk assessment and describing the current state of the art, the adopted methodology to evaluate the structural
capacity, fragility and expected damage analyses is described. To assess the capacity a structural modelling of the buildings and a non-linear static analysis is required. The fragility or vulnerability is evaluated through the capacity spectrum, by means of a simplified procedure. The damage probability matrixes for a given seismic scenario require knowledge of the maximum structural response, which is obtained by using the capacity spectrum method.
The methodology has been applied to three reinforced concrete models representative of
low, mid and high rise buildings of the city; this has allowed developing seismic risk scenarios for two earthquakes, which occurrence in Barcelona is reasonably possible. These scenarios take into account the Barcelona seismic zoning.
The method has been also applied to characterize the expected seismic behaviour of masonry buildings, modelling three typical buildings of the Eixample District. Two of them present different plane configuration, one more regular than the other. The third is
representative of corner buildings, typical of the city's blocks. The better behaviour of the regular buildings compared to corner buildings is confirmed. An aggregate set of buildings, corresponding to a typical line of the district's blocks has been studied. It has been observed that the aggregate behaviour does not improve; instead it inherits the vulnerability of the constituting buildings.
A sensitivity analysis of the slight and extensive threshold damage states is carried out; it is observed that little variations in these thresholds significantly influence the expected damage. Consequently, new thresholds for these damage states are proposed based on certain structural characteristics obtained from the non-linear static analysis. The proposed slight damage threshold takes into account the elastic stiffness degradation, while hardening is considered for the extensive damage state. To validate the results obtained with of the employed methodology, a series of non linear dynamic analysis were carried out in two reinforced concrete buildings.
The global results were compatible with the ones of the methodology. In general, the results show a good confidence level.
Finally, the conclusions drawn the current thesis are summarized and some recommendations for future works are given.
Doctoral programmeDOCTORAT EN ENGINYERIA SÍSMICA I DINÀMICA ESTRUCTURAL (Pla 1998)
Location
CitationMoreno González, R. Evaluación del riesgo sísmico en edificios mediante análisis estático no lineal: Aplicación a diversos escenarios sísmicos de Barcelona. Tesi doctoral, UPC, Departament d'Enginyeria del Terreny, Cartogràfica i Geofísica, 2006. ISBN 9788469333921. DOI 10.5821/dissertation-2117-93559 . Available at: <http://hdl.handle.net/2117/93559>
DLB.29354-2010
ISBN9788469333921
Other identifiershttp://www.tdx.cat/TDX-0702107-165654
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