Reactive extrusion: A useful process to manufacture structurally modified PLA/o-MMT composites

Abstract

In the present work, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) sheets reinforced with organically modified montmorillonite (o-MMT) were manufactured through reactive extrusion-calendering using a masterbatch approach in a pilot plant. Reaction monitoring analysis suggests the occurrence of premature reactions between o-MMT and the reactive agent; lowering further structural changes in the polymeric matrix. While calendered sheets exhibited a homogenous and preferential distribution of clay particles in MD, the coexistence of mixed structures, involving tactoids of various sizes as well as intercalated clay layers was observed. However, a higher and finer dispersion of o-MMT particles was achieved through clay–polymer tethering via chain extender molecules. Under tensile loading, the aforementioned clay dispersion enhanced multiple cavitation processes, notably improving PLA shear flow.