The article highlights the implications for cities, local authorities and non-party stakeholders of the Paris Agreement and the resolve of United Nations Climate Change Conference of the Parties COP21. The article focuses on the central role that cities will have in the implementation of the Paris Agreement itself, particularly with reference to mitigation, adaptation, capacity building and technology transfer. The Paragraphs finally identifies the key challenges for cities for their resilience transition, facing present and future climate change challenges, including the need for renewed planning and evaluation approaches and practices.