Testing of three-phase equipment under voltage sags

Abstract

This paper provides insight into the testing of three-phase equipment exposed to voltage sags caused by faults. The voltage sag recovers at the fault-current zeros, leading to a ‘discrete’ voltage recovery, that is, the fault is cleared in different steps. In the literature, the most widespread classification divides ‘discrete’ sags into 14 types. The authors study shows that it is generally sufficient to consider only five sag types for three-phase equipment, here called ‘time-invariant (TI)’ equipment. As the remaining nine sag types cause identical equipment behaviour in Park or Ku variables, the number of laboratory tests (or of extensive simulations) on equipment under sags is reduced by a ratio of 14/5. The study is validated by simulation of a three-phase induction generator and a three-phase inverter, which are ‘TI’, and a threephase diode bridge rectifier, which is not ‘TI’. Both analytical study and simulation results are validated by testing a three-phase induction motor and a three-phase diode bridge rectifier.