Geothermal resources in Latin-America and their exploration using electromagnetic methods

Abstract

The global priority for sustainable societies drives the transition to green energy, with geothermal power as a promising alternative. Latin-American countries beneft from the active volcanism along the Pacifc Rim, which fuels their signifcant geo- thermal potential. Geothermal electricity production in the region is steadily growing and currently represents approximately 11% of global output (16 GW). This paper pro- vides details on the installed capacity of electrical generation in the most geothermally signifcant Latin-American countries, as well as the estimated potential production from existing prospects in the region. We also discuss the multiple challenges that limit the widespread development and exploitation of this valuable resource in LatinAmerica. As México stands as the top electricity producer in the region and ranks sixth worldwide, we ofer an overview of its geothermal potential, the use of electromag- netic imaging technologies to enhance Mexican geothermal resource exploration, and the challenges and limitations associated with traditional exploration techniques. Additionally, we present recent case studies on the combined use of these technolo- gies in México, highlighting best practices and lessons learned. The paper identifes open questions and outlines future research directions, particularly in México, to unlock the geothermal potential of the entire region.