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dc.contributor.authorKlotzbach, Philip J.
dc.contributor.authorWood, Kimberly M.
dc.contributor.authorBell, Michael M.
dc.contributor.authorBlake, Eric S.
dc.contributor.authorBowen, Steven G.
dc.contributor.authorCaron, Louis-Philippe
dc.contributor.authorCollins, Jennifer M.
dc.contributor.authorGibney, Ethan J.
dc.contributor.authorSchreck III, Carl J.
dc.contributor.authorTruchelut, Ryan E.
dc.contributor.otherBarcelona Supercomputing Center
dc.date.accessioned2022-08-05T13:35:08Z
dc.date.available2022-08-05T13:35:08Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.identifier.citationKlotzbach, P.J. [et al.]. A Hyperactive End to the Atlantic Hurricane Season October–November 2020. "Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society", 2022, vol. 103, núm. 1, p. E110-E128.
dc.identifier.issn1520-0477
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/371632
dc.description.abstractThe active 2020 Atlantic hurricane season produced 30 named storms, 14 hurricanes, and 7 major hurricanes (category 3+ on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale). Though the season was active overall, the final two months (October–November) raised 2020 into the upper echelon of Atlantic hurricane activity for integrated metrics such as accumulated cyclone energy (ACE). This study focuses on October–November 2020, when 7 named storms, 6 hurricanes, and 5 major hurricanes formed and produced ACE of 74 × 104 kt2 (1 kt ≈ 0.51 m s−1). Since 1950, October–November 2020 ranks tied for third for named storms, first for hurricanes and major hurricanes, and second for ACE. Six named storms also underwent rapid intensification (≥30 kt intensification in ≤24 h) in October–November 2020—the most on record. This manuscript includes a climatological analysis of October–November tropical cyclones (TCs) and their primary formation regions. In 2020, anomalously low wind shear in the western Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, likely driven by a moderate-intensity La Niña event and anomalously high sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the Caribbean, provided dynamic and thermodynamic conditions that were much more conducive than normal for late-season TC formation and rapid intensification. This study also highlights October–November 2020 landfalls, including Hurricanes Delta and Zeta in Louisiana and in Mexico and Hurricanes Eta and Iota in Nicaragua. The active late season in the Caribbean would have been anticipated by a statistical model using the July–September-averaged ENSO longitude index and Atlantic warm pool SSTs as predictors.
dc.description.sponsorshipWe would like to acknowledge the three anonymous reviewers and the editor, Chris Landsea, for helpful comments that significantly improved the manuscript. P. Klotzbach thanks the G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation for financial support that helped fund this research. K. Wood was supported by National Science Foundation Award AGS-2011812. M. Bell was supported by Office of Naval Research Award N000141613033. E. Gibney’s research was supported by NOAA’s Science Collaboration Program and administered by UCAR’s Cooperative Programs for the Advancement of Earth System Science (CPAESS) under Awards NA16NWS4620043 and NA18NWS4620043B. C. Schreck was supported by NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies under Cooperative Agreement NA19NES4320002. We thank Christina Patricola for providing the ENSO longitude index and Chris Landsea for providing Fig. SB1.
dc.format.extent19 p.
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherAmerican Meteorological Society
dc.subjectÀrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria agroalimentària::Ciències de la terra i de la vida::Climatologia i meteorologia
dc.subject.lcshHurricanes
dc.subject.lcshClimatology
dc.subject.lcshDatasets
dc.subject.otherAtlantic Ocean
dc.subject.otherTropics
dc.subject.otherENSOHurricanes/typhoons
dc.subject.otherTropical cyclones
dc.titleA Hyperactive End to the Atlantic Hurricane Season October–November 2020
dc.typeArticle
dc.subject.lemacSimulació per ordinador
dc.identifier.doi10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0312.1
dc.description.peerreviewedPeer Reviewed
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/103/1/BAMS-D-20-0312.1.xml
dc.rights.accessOpen Access
dc.description.versionPostprint (published version)
local.citation.publicationNameBulletin of the American Meteorological Society
local.citation.volume103
local.citation.number1
local.citation.startingPageE110
local.citation.endingPageE128
dc.relation.datasetAll of the data used in this study are publicly available at the following URLs: continental U.S. hurricane landfalls (www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/UShurrs_detailed.html), EM-DAT (https://public.emdat.be), ENSO longitude index (https://portal.nersc.gov/archive/home/projects/cascade/www/ELI), ERA5 (https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/#!/search?text=ERA5&type=dataset), HURDAT2 (www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/hurdat2.html), oceanic Niño index (https://origin.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/ensostuff/ONI_v5.php), and the Wheeler–Hendon MJO index (www.bom.gov.au/climate/mjo/graphics/rmm.74toRealtime.txt).


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