Coronaviruses (CoVs) are worldwide distributed RNA-viruses affecting several species,
including humans, and causing a broad spectrum of diseases. Historically, they have not been
considered a severe threat to public health until two outbreaks of COVs-related atypical human
pneumonia derived from animal hosts appeared in 2002 and in 2012. The concern related to CoVs
infection dramatically rose after the COVID-19 global outbreak, for which a spill-over from wild
animals is also most likely. In light of this CoV zoonotic risk, and their ability to adapt to new species
and dramatically spread, it appears pivotal to understand the pathophysiology and mechanisms of
tissue injury of known CoVs within the “One-Health” concept. This review specifically describes
all CoVs diseases in animals, schematically representing the tissue damage and summarizing the
major lesions in an attempt to compare and put them in relation, also with human infections.
Some information on pathogenesis and genetic diversity is also included. Investigating the lesions
and distribution of CoVs can be crucial to understand and monitor the evolution of these viruses as
well as of other pathogens and to further deepen the pathogenesis and transmission of this disease to
help public health preventive measures and therapies
Simple Summary.
Coronaviruses are worldwide distributed RNA-viruses affecting several species, causing a broad spectrum of diseases with a zoonotic potential and the ability to jump from one host species to a different one, including humans. In the perspective of ‘One Health’ and the well-known recent Coronavirus-associated epidemics and pandemic, the aim of this review is to list all the animal species affected by Coronaviruses and to describe the lesions and the target organs. Information is given on the pathogenesis and the gross and histological lesions of pets, ferrets, bovines, sheep, goats, equine, swine, wild animals, non-human primates, marine mammals, laboratory animals, fish, reptiles, amphibian, and, briefly, humans.
This article belongs to the Special Issue Zoonotic Corona Viruses – Animal & Human Health Implications
