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Are environmental pollution and biodiversity levels associated to the spread and mortality of COVID-19? A four-month global analysis

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Fernández Martínez, DanielMés informacióMés informacióMés informació
Giné Vázquez, Iago
Liu, Ivy
Yucel, Recai
Nai Ruscone, Marta
Morena, Marianthi
García Fernández, Víctor GerardoMés informacióMés informacióMés informació
Haro, Josep Maria
Pan, William
Tyrovolas, Stefanos
Document typeArticle
Defense date2021-02-15
Rights accessOpen Access
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International
Except where otherwise noted, content on this work is licensed under a Creative Commons license : Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International
ProjectEPIDEMIOLOGIA DE LOS FACTORES ASOCIADOS CON EL ENVEJECIMIENTO SALUDABLE (AEI-RTI2018-100927-J-I00)
Abstract
On March 12th, 2020, the WHO declared COVID-19 as a pandemic. The collective impact of environ-mental and ecosystem factors, as well as biodiversity, on the spread of COVID-19 and its mortalityevolution remain empirically unknown, particularly in regions with a wide ecosystem range. The aim ofour study is to assess how those factors impact on the COVID-19 spread and mortality by country. Thisstudy compiled a global database merging WHO daily case reports with other publicly available measuresfrom January 21st to May 18th, 2020. We applied spatio-temporal models to identify the influence ofbiodiversity, temperature, and precipitation andfitted generalized linear mixed models to identify theeffects of environmental variables. Additionally, we used count time series to characterize the associationbetween COVID-19 spread and air quality factors. All analyses were adjusted by social demographic,country-income level, and government policy intervention confounders, among 160 countries, globally.Our results reveal a statistically meaningful association between COVID-19 infection and several factorsof interest at country and city levels such as the national biodiversity index, air quality, and pollutantselements (PM10,PM2.5,and O3). Particularly, there is a significant relationship of loss of biodiversity, highlevel of air pollutants, and diminished air quality with COVID-19 infection spread and mortality. Ourfindings provide an empirical foundation for future studies on the relationship between air qualityvariables, a country’s biodiversity, and COVID-19 transmission and mortality. The relationships measuredin this study can be valuable when governments plan environmental and health policies, as alternativestrategy to respond to new COVID-19 outbreaks and prevent future crises
CitationFernandez, D. [et al.]. Are environmental pollution and biodiversity levels associated to the spread and mortality of COVID-19? A four-month global analysis. "Environmental pollution", 15 Febrer 2021, vol. 271, art. 116326 
URIhttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/336989
DOI10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116326
ISSN0269-7491
Publisher versionhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749120370159
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  • COVID-19 - Col·lecció especial COVID-19 [571]
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