Purpose: Industry 4.0 offers a new network approach by using advanced Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for manufacturing industries in particular. Thus, this paper analyzes the understandings of the heavy manufacturing industry in Turkey in regards to the concept of Industry 4.0 as well as its significance on the nation’s competitiveness. In addition, the study applies Porter’s Diamond Model as a framework in order to provide a dynamic view about the competitive factors in the development of Industry 4.0. Design/methodology/approach: The results of fourteen semi structured interviews are examined in the framework, and common understandings are compared with the existing literature. Findings: The analysis indicates that the heavy manufacturing companies are aware of the topic of Industry 4.0 in general in terms of its definition, its future aspects, and its possible benefits and challenges. It has been observed that factor conditions (labor and capital) are the most important aspects which affect the development of Industry 4.0 competitiveness in Turkey. Although the country is still in the initial stage in its Industry 4.0 competitiveness, the effects of the government and some chances might increase its competitive position in the future. Originality/value: Regarding the different research on Industry 4.0, this paper gives an insight in the developmental path of Industry 4.0 in terms of its competitiveness especially for developing countries. There is still a lack of empirical research on nations’ competitiveness about Industry 4.0; therefore, this paper deepens the concept for further research and examines some action plans about it.
