Environmental management tools for ports

Abstract

Ports are very complex systems from the point of view of environment. In fact, the very existence of the port, as well as any expansion of its installations, implies a certain loss of habitat. Furthermore, the normal activities carried out in ports can be associated, one way or another, with environmental impacts: waste water discharges, air pollution, noise, soil contamination, dredging, waste production, accidental releases into water or air, etc. (Trozzi and Vaccaro, 2000).