Recovery of rare earth elements from acid mine waters by spiral wound nanofiltration
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Tipus de documentTreball Final de Grau
Data2018-07-03
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Abstract
Rare earth elements (REE) are used nowadays for “green” and sustainable technologies, which
make them a unique resource for an increasing demanding market. In addition, they are not
abundant in earth, China is the market leader and these have been declared as critical elements
by the European Union. Consequently, secondary resources of these metals are needed. In this
perspective, acid mine drainage (AMD) is a potential secondary source of REE and other ions such
as Al, Mg, Zn, S, Cu, etc. AMD is recognized in the mining industry as one of the most contaminant
effluents as it affects soils, surface and groundwaters. Several passive and active remediation
methods have been applied; such as lime neutralization to change the pH and precipitate heavy
metals, but they are not economically or environmentally feasible. Due to that, nanofiltration
(NF) membranes are a promising technology for the treatment of AMD, which was the studied
method in this experimental work with an acid mine water (AMW) sample from the Oriol River
Basin (Huelva, Spain). The main objective of the study was i) to determine the concentration
factor of the REE that could be achieved, Ii) which are the rejection values of the main
components present on the AMW. First, before the NF process, a pre-treatment of chemical
oxidation and precipitation of Fe(II) by using hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydroxide
respectively was applied. Then, and using a spiral wound nanofiltration (SW-NF) membrane
(ESNA1-LF-LD-4040), the treated acid mine water (TAMW) was filtrated in full recirculation mode
and then in 10 stages where only the concentrate was recirculated and permeate collected. In
addition, the behavior of the membrane was studied to different pressures (10, 15 and 22 bar).
Finally, the results showed that SW-NF had a successful removal of REEs >98% for La, Ce, Pr, Nd,
Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and Y. In other side, for heavy metals (80-100% of Al, Ca,
Cu, Mg, S, Zn). The results of that AMD treatment by SW-NF prove that thisis a suitable technique
for the REEs separation and recovery, although further investigation on i) membrane stability in
such acidic media and ii) membrane properties influence on ions rejections is needed.
MatèriesRare earths, Green technology, Sustainable development, Metalls -- Anàlisi, Terres rares, Ecotecnologia
TitulacióMOBILITAT INCOMING
Fitxers | Descripció | Mida | Format | Visualitza |
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TFG memoriaanexo rosa rock.pdf | 40,37Mb | Accés restringit |