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Extreme, wintertime Saharan dust intrusion in the Iberian Peninsula: Lidar monitoring and evaluation of dust forecast models during the February 2017 event

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10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.06.007
 
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Fernández, Alfonso J.
Sicard, MichaëlMés informacióMés informació
Costa, Maria J.
Guerrero-Rascado, Juan L.
Gómez-Amo, José L.
Molero, Francisco
Barragán Cuesta, RubénMés informació
Basart, SaraMés informació
Bortoli, Daniele
Bedoya-Velásquez, Andrés E.
Utrillas, María P.
Salvador, Pedro
Granados Muñoz, María José
Potes, Miguel
Ortiz-Amezcua, Pablo
Martínez-Lozano, José A.
Artíñano, Begoña
Muñoz Porcar, ConstantinoMés informacióMés informacióMés informació
Salgado, Rui
Román, Roberto
Rocadenbosch Burillo, FranciscoMés informacióMés informacióMés informació
Salgueiro, Vanda
Benavent-Oltra, José A.
Rodríguez Gómez, Alejandro AntonioMés informacióMés informacióMés informació
Alados-Arboledas, Lucas
Comerón Tejero, AdolfoMés informacióMés informacióMés informació
Pujadas, Manuel
Document typeArticle
Defense date2019-11-01
PublisherElsevier
Rights accessOpen Access
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 Spain
This work is protected by the corresponding intellectual and industrial property rights. Except where otherwise noted, its contents are licensed under a Creative Commons license : Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 Spain
ProjectACTRIS-2 - Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research InfraStructure (EC-H2020-654109)
GRASP-ACE - Development of GRASP radiative transfer code for the retrieval of aerosol microphysics vertical-profiles from space measurements and its impact in ACE mission (EC-H2020-778349)
Abstract
An unprecedented extreme Saharan dust event was registered in winter time from 20 to 23 February 2017 over the Iberian Peninsula (IP). We report on aerosol optical properties observed under this extreme dust intrusion through passive and active remote sensing techniques. For that, AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) and EARLINET (European Aerosol Research LIdar NETwork) databases are used. The sites considered are: Barcelona (41.38°N, 2.17°E), Burjassot (39.51°N, 0.42°W), Cabo da Roca (38.78°N, 9.50°W), Évora (38.57°N, 7.91°W), Granada (37.16°N, 3.61°W) and Madrid (40.45°N, 3.72°W). Large aerosol optical depths (AOD) and low Ångström exponents (AE) are observed. An AOD of 2.0 at 675 nm is reached in several stations. A maximum peak of 2.5 is registered in Évora. During and around the peak of AOD, AEs close to 0 and even slightly negative are measured. With regard to vertically-resolved aerosol optical properties, particle backscatter coefficients as high as 15 Mm−1 sr−1 at 355 nm are recorded at the lidar stations. Layer-mean lidar ratios are found in the range 40–55 sr at 355 nm and 34–61 sr at 532 nm during the event. The particle depolarization ratios are found to be constant inside the dust layer, and consistent from one site to another. Layer-mean values vary in the range 0.19–0.31. Another remarkable aspect of the event is the limited vertical distribution of the dust plume which never exceeds 5 km. The extreme aspect of the event also presented a nice case for testing the ability of two dust forecast models, BSC-DREAM8b and NMMB/BSC-Dust, to reproduce the arrival, the vertical distribution and the intensity of the dust plume over a long-range transport region. In the particular case of the February 2017 dust event, we found a large underestimation in the forecast of the extinction coefficient provided by BSC-DREAM8b at all heights independently of the site. In contrast NMMB/BSC-Dust forecasts presented a better agreement with the observations, especially in southwestern part of the IP. With regard to the forecast skill as a function of lead time, no clear degradation of the prognostic is appreciated at 24, 48 and 72 h for Évora and Granada stations (South). However the prognostic does degrade (bias increases and/or correlation decreases) for Barcelona (North), which is attributed to the fact that Barcelona is at a greater distance from the source region and to the singularity of the event.
CitationFernández, A. J. [et al.]. Extreme, wintertime Saharan dust intrusion in the Iberian Peninsula: Lidar monitoring and evaluation of dust forecast models during the February 2017 event. "Atmospheric Research", 1 Novembre 2019, vol. 228, p. 223-241. 
URIhttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/166452
DOI10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.06.007
ISSN0169-8095
Publisher versionhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016980951930287X
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