Estudio experimental de las propiedades del hormigón con Neumático Fuera de Uso (NFU)
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Estadístiques de LA Referencia / Recolecta
Inclou dades d'ús des de 2022
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hdl:2117/131183
Tipus de documentTreball Final de Grau
Data2018-07-17
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Abstract
El neumático fuera de uso (en adelante NFU) tiene el código europeo de residuo (CER) 16 01 03 y está clasificado como residuo no peligroso según la Directiva Europea 2014/955/UE. No obstante, pueden pasar más de 1000 años hasta que se logren eliminar por completo y son un importante problema ecológico. Su solución nos atañe a todos, ya que si no son debidamente reciclados crean un grave problema medioambiental.
En el presente trabajo se estudiarán las propiedades físicas y mecánicas de diferentes dosificaciones de hormigón con la incorporación de NFU. Se partirá de una dosificación de referencia proporcionada por una empresa de elementos prefabricación de hormigón y, sobre esta, se sustituirá parte de la arena por granulado de Neumático Fuera de Uso (NFU) para proponer, finalmente, la dosificación de hormigón con NFU más adecuada para la fabricación de paneles de hormigón para fachada de las dosificaciones estudiadas.
Para llevar a cabo la campaña experimental será necesario, en primer lugar, optimizar la pasta de cemento, fijando como referencias la relación agua/cemento (a/c) y la acelerante/cemento (acc/c) que viene dada por la planta de paneles prefabricados. Con estos dos puntos fijos se buscará la dosificación óptima tanto de filler (f/c) como de superplastificante (sp/c). Una vez tenemos la pasta ya optimizada en todos sus componentes (a/c, f/c, acc/c y sp/c) se pasará a estudiar el hormigón con la incorporación de NFU.
En este punto se estudiarán 7 tipos de dosificaciones distintas variando la cantidad de NFU incorporado y su tamaño (Sin NFU, 5%, 10%, 15% NFU fino, 5%, 10% y 15% NFU grueso).
Cabe decir que este estudio forma parte de diferentes estudios siguientes donde se seguirán estudiando los efectos de la incorporación de NFU al hormigón, estos podrán partir con los datos obtenidos en el presente trabajo con el objetivo de realizar paneles prefabricados de hormigón para fachadas. Scrap tires, from now on (ST) have the European waste code (EWC) 16 01 03 and are classified as non-dangerous waste according to the European Directive 2014/995/UE. Nevertheless, more than 1000 years can pass until their complete elimination is achieved, thus, ST represent an important ecological problem. If they are not properly recycled it could lead in a serious environmental issue so finding a suitable solution to this problem concerns us all.
Due to the huge volume of residues that tyre industry generates, it becomes necessary to find methods that could help us either with the recycling and the reuse of such material. According to the report of the European Tyres and Rubbers Manufacturers Association (ETRMA), in 2015 3.399.000 tons of tyres were wasted in Europe, 277.000 of them belong to Spain (data from ETRMA website). In our country still exist used tyres and their accumulation is a source of contamination where the risk of blaze is high. i.e. in 2016 in Seseña, Toledo, two thirds of the tyre cemetery of 117.000 m2 were burned with more than 80.000 tons of rubber. It has to be taken into account that water standing in tyres favours mosquito’s reproduction, and thus the transmission of infective diseases like encephalitis.
To solve this huge environmental problem, The European Directive 1999/31/CE, concerning waste disposal, regulates the uncontrolled accumulation of S in landfills; to do so, it established that from 16th June 2003 no entire used tyres would be allowed in any landfill, and from 16th June 2006 neither sliced used tyres.
The Royal Decree 1619/2005 emerging on 30 December, regarding the ST manage, assigned the basic responsibility of proper ST manage to the people responsible for the tyres’ launching on the national market, either manufacturers, importers or acquirers from another EU state. Likewise, prohibits the elimination of slicing tyres on controlled deposits from July 2006. To comply the Royal Decree, at state level, the producers have joined two manage integrated systems: Signus ecovalor, S.L and Used Tyres Treatment (in Spanish, TNU).
The main goal of these two non-profit entities is to facilitate the release of the abundant ST stock, but, unfortunately there are still not enough destinies for this recycled residue. For this reason, it is urgent to find solution according with the management operation hierarchy of ST according to the Law 22/2011 from wastes and contaminated soils, were it is prioritised, in this order, the reutilization, recycle, and, finally the elimination.
Apart from all these laws there is also the National Waste Management Plan (in Spanish, PEMAR) 2016-2022 whose intention is to ensure the correct environmental management of ST, fostering the preparation for the reutilization and the recycle in order to achieve quantitative goals and develop an inventory of abandoned ST stockpiles.
For more than two decades, the feasibility of using concrete with the addition of rubber from ST has been investigated. From literature, regarding the use of rubber in concrete, it has been proven, through laboratory tests, that these mixtures show a decrease in the compressive strength, however, they have a greater potential to deform plastically before the rupture. They also conclude that, to have acceptable strength concretes, the fraction of rubber incorporated in the mixture must not exceed 20% of the total volume of aggregates.
In the present work, the physical and mechanical properties of different concrete dosages will be studied, replacing a part of sand with granules of ST. Said substitution will be in sand volume of 5%, 10%, 15% by ST, using two types of ST size and comparing the effect of the incorporation of ST with a standard concrete without ST. Therefore, a total of 7 different dosages will be studied. Finally, a concrete dosage with ST suitable for the manufacture of concrete panels for façades will be proposed.
TitulacióGRAU EN ARQUITECTURA TÈCNICA I EDIFICACIÓ (Pla 2015)
Fitxers | Descripció | Mida | Format | Visualitza |
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Memòria_CoboCarlos.pdf | 6,205Mb | Accés restringit |