Impact of TiO2 electron transport layer properties on planar Perovskite solar cells
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Correu electrònic de l'autoralessandro.mercuriogmail.com
Tipus de documentProjecte Final de Màster Oficial
Data2017-09
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Abstract
During the last century, the energy world consumption have been increasing exponentially
due to the development of the societies. Furthermore, the evolution of technologies has
gradually unbalanced the equilibrium between the production and the consumption of energy.
This led to a tremendous deployment of the natural energy resources such as coal,
oil and natural gas, without paying too much attention on possible consequences in terms
of environmental effects.
With the first oil shock in 1973, western countries started looking for new kind of energy
sources, in order to limit the usage of oil and the dependence on exporter countries. Moreover,
in the same period, new ideologies, like environmentalism, started to push up the
attention toward a sustainable development. In this historical context, renewable energies
seemed to be a good compromise to face these aspects.
Among all the renewable technologies, photovoltaic solar cells are the most promising solution
for a low-cost energy production. By the end of 2016 the total installed capacity
amounted at least 303 GW corresponding to 1.8% of the global electricity demand. [1]
Solar cells devices can be divided in three main categories: first generation solar cells
are mainly based on crystalline silicon wafers (the second most abundant element in the
Earth), with performances around 20%. This technology is dominating the market of the
solar industry due to the good performances, high stability and strong reduction in cost.
Silicon solar cells have a rigid structure that is sometimes considered as a drawback since
they can not be used for flexible applications.
The second generation solar cells use the thin-film technology and are mainly based on
amorphous silicon, CIGS (copper, indium, gallium, selenium) and CdTe with typical efficiency
from 14% up to 22% (CIGS). Important characteristics of these solar cells are
the lower material consumption that means a reduction cost of the fabrication process,
the lower temperature required during the process, and the possibility (thanks to their
thickness) to fabricate them on a flexible substrate. Although the material used is less
than in first generation cells, a large amount of energy is still needed during the fabrication
process. Additionally, they are mainly based on non-abundant elements (CIGS) and toxic
materials (CdTe) that limit their development, especially on the industrial scale.
Third generation solar cells are considered being the most promising technologies for photovoltaic
systems. They are developed with the purpose of reducing the cost of energy:
for doing this, the objective is to increase the efficiency (multi-junction solar cell) and
decrease the costs of material processing (organic solar cells).
This group of technologies includes multi-junction solar cells (employing several layers of semiconductors in order to absorb the whole solar spectrum and to reduce thermalization)
which hold the world record in terms of performances (fig. 1) and a variety of polymers
and organic material-based solar cells.
Recently, a new class of thin film solar cells, perovskite solar cells, has attracted the interest
of researchers. In only few years since their first application in 2009 with an efficiency
of 3%, PSCs showed huge potential, with a record efficiency of 22.1% (not stabilized)
achieved in 2016 (fig. 1). [2] This work focuses on the growth of different TiO2 electron
transport material on FTO substrates. The goal is to study the impact of TiO2 layer properties
on the perovskite solar cells with planar structure, in order to respectively reduce
the hysteresis and to improve the efficiency.
MatèriesPhotovoltaic power generation, Solar cells -- Materials, Perovskite, Energia solar fotovoltaica, Cèl•lules solars -- Materials, Perovskita
TitulacióMÀSTER UNIVERSITARI EN ENGINYERIA INDUSTRIAL (Pla 2014)
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Fitxers | Descripció | Mida | Format | Visualitza |
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Alessandro Mercurio_ Master Thesis.pdf | Memòria | 1,126Mb | Visualitza/Obre |