Distance 2-domination in prisms of graphs

Abstract

A set of vertices D of a graph G is a distance 2-dominating set of G if the distance between each vertex u ¿ ( V ( G ) - D ) and D is at most two. Let ¿ 2 ( G ) denote the size of a smallest distance 2 -dominating set of G . For any permutation p of the vertex set of G , the prism of G with respect to p is the graph pG obtained from G and a copy G ' of G by joining u ¿ V ( G ) with v ' ¿ V ( G ' ) if and only if v ' = p ( u ) . If ¿ 2 ( pG ) = ¿ 2 ( G ) for any permutation p of V ( G ) , then G is called a universal ¿ 2 - fixer. In this work we characterize the cycles and paths that are universal ¿ 2 -fixers.