Visual outcome of penetrating keratoplasty, deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty and Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty

Abstract

Purpose: A single-center, cross-sectional study was designed to assess and compare objective and subjective quality of vision of patients intervened with penetrating keratoplasty (PK), deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) and Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). Methods: Forty-six patients previously intervened with PK (22 eyes), DALK (7 eyes) and DMEK (17 eyes) were recruited. Visual evaluation included spherical and cylindrical refraction, distance corrected visual acuity (DCVA), photopic contrast sensitivity (CS), optical quality, measured with the HD Analyzer (objective scattering index [OSI], MTF cut-off and Strehl ratio), and ocular and corneal aberrometry, measured with the KR-1W Wavefront Analyzer. Results: Statistically significant between-group differences were found in age (p = 0.006, DMEK patients were older) and time since surgery (p <. 0.001, longest time for PK patients). No statistically significant differences were found in DCVA between the techniques. Between-group differences were encountered in CS at 12 (p = 0.007) and 18 (p <. 0.001) cycles per degree, with DMEK and DALK obtaining the best and worst outcomes, respectively. Differences in optical quality were found between the techniques (OSI, p = 0.004; MTF cut-off, p = 0.048; Strehl ratio p = 0.022), with DMEK displaying the best outcomes. Highest and lowest values in ocular and corneal aberrations were for DALK and DMEK patients, respectively. Between-group differences were found in corneal astigmatism (p <. 0.001; -3.31. ±. 2.00 D in PK; -2.68. ±. 0.94 D in DALK; -1.09. ±. 0.62 D in DMEK). Conclusion: Overall, DMEK proved superior over PK and DALK in terms of quality of vision, with PK offering slightly better outcomes than DALK in most visual function parameters under evaluation.