Capítols de llibre
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/91161
2024-03-28T16:58:55ZConstruction and Demolition Waste (CDW) recycling
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/402876
Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) recycling
Pourmohammad Golloujeh, Mahsa; Oliva Moncunill, Josep; Hoffmann Sampaio, Carlos
The building industry, even though it contributes significantly to a nation’s socioeconomic development, is directly responsible for negative environmental effects including high-energy use and CO2 emission, among others. In addition, large quantities of non-biodegradable construction and demolition waste (CDWs) are typically piled up in landfills after a structure has reached the end of its useful life, during reconstruction, alteration, extension, maintenance, and demolition of buildings and other infrastructure [1]. This causes problems in terms of technology, the environment, economics, and society. Only in Europe, the construction and demolition activities produce as much CDW as China, where it impressively surpassed 1.13 billion tons in 2014 [1, 2]. Therefore, the valorization of industrial waste and rubble as secondary raw materials is being prioritized by sustainable development and circular economy initiatives [3]. Additionally, one of the 21st century’s most difficult concerns is waste management. CDW has drawn significant attention in the trash debate since it is among the heaviest and most significant waste streams produced globally and in the European Union [1]. For the larger particles of the various components contained in those wastes, the majority of recycling facilities provide effective sorting and recycling choices. However, they are ineffective on Construction and Demolition Fines Particles (CDF), despite the fact that they are made up of comparable materials and account for one-third of the CDW produced. Because of this, CDF are frequently landfilled even though they can account for up to 30% of all CDW produced and could probably be recycled [1]. Furthermore, the presence of moisture and organic matter (OM), along with the high gypsum concentrations present in CDF, might result in the formation of impermeable layers in landfill facilities. OM may compost in those layers under anaerobic conditions, producing methane (CH4) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Due to the high costs associated with managing these gases, landfill operators are increasingly likely to reject the use of CDF as a daily covering material and as a filling material. Because of the recent environmental problems associated with the landfilling of CDF, creative alternate routes as well as CDF recycling paths must be developed [4]. Moreover, from an environmental standpoint, using fine recycled aggregates as sand might lessen illegal dumping of the fine fractions of CDW and sand mining, both of which have significant negative effects on the environment globally. It can also cut energy usage and CO2 emissions. This work presents an efficient and competitive process to properly characterize and sort the different materials found in CDF together with an acceptable quality of the final products. Firstly, a manual separation of the 4 – 0.5 mm fraction is performed. Next, XRD and XRF analysis are done to determine the chemical and mineralogical composition of the wastes. Then optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy is done to complete the characterization and determine the morphological and mineral liberation characteristic of particles. Finally, gravity separators to separate aggregates, concrete paste, gypsum, brick and mortar do the separation. At the end, after liberation of the CDW’ sands, new materials can be produced and the composition of it is confirmed.
2024-02-23T08:51:00ZPourmohammad Golloujeh, MahsaOliva Moncunill, JosepHoffmann Sampaio, CarlosThe building industry, even though it contributes significantly to a nation’s socioeconomic development, is directly responsible for negative environmental effects including high-energy use and CO2 emission, among others. In addition, large quantities of non-biodegradable construction and demolition waste (CDWs) are typically piled up in landfills after a structure has reached the end of its useful life, during reconstruction, alteration, extension, maintenance, and demolition of buildings and other infrastructure [1]. This causes problems in terms of technology, the environment, economics, and society. Only in Europe, the construction and demolition activities produce as much CDW as China, where it impressively surpassed 1.13 billion tons in 2014 [1, 2]. Therefore, the valorization of industrial waste and rubble as secondary raw materials is being prioritized by sustainable development and circular economy initiatives [3]. Additionally, one of the 21st century’s most difficult concerns is waste management. CDW has drawn significant attention in the trash debate since it is among the heaviest and most significant waste streams produced globally and in the European Union [1]. For the larger particles of the various components contained in those wastes, the majority of recycling facilities provide effective sorting and recycling choices. However, they are ineffective on Construction and Demolition Fines Particles (CDF), despite the fact that they are made up of comparable materials and account for one-third of the CDW produced. Because of this, CDF are frequently landfilled even though they can account for up to 30% of all CDW produced and could probably be recycled [1]. Furthermore, the presence of moisture and organic matter (OM), along with the high gypsum concentrations present in CDF, might result in the formation of impermeable layers in landfill facilities. OM may compost in those layers under anaerobic conditions, producing methane (CH4) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Due to the high costs associated with managing these gases, landfill operators are increasingly likely to reject the use of CDF as a daily covering material and as a filling material. Because of the recent environmental problems associated with the landfilling of CDF, creative alternate routes as well as CDF recycling paths must be developed [4]. Moreover, from an environmental standpoint, using fine recycled aggregates as sand might lessen illegal dumping of the fine fractions of CDW and sand mining, both of which have significant negative effects on the environment globally. It can also cut energy usage and CO2 emissions. This work presents an efficient and competitive process to properly characterize and sort the different materials found in CDF together with an acceptable quality of the final products. Firstly, a manual separation of the 4 – 0.5 mm fraction is performed. Next, XRD and XRF analysis are done to determine the chemical and mineralogical composition of the wastes. Then optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy is done to complete the characterization and determine the morphological and mineral liberation characteristic of particles. Finally, gravity separators to separate aggregates, concrete paste, gypsum, brick and mortar do the separation. At the end, after liberation of the CDW’ sands, new materials can be produced and the composition of it is confirmed.Geologia del Miocè del Pla de Barcelona
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/383901
Geologia del Miocè del Pla de Barcelona
Parcerisa Duocastella, David; Gómez Gras, David Manuel; Gámez Torrent, Desiré
2023-02-22T15:34:14ZParcerisa Duocastella, DavidGómez Gras, David ManuelGámez Torrent, DesiréLos desprendimientos de rocas en la montaña de Montserrat. Un riesgo geológico relevante
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/350535
Los desprendimientos de rocas en la montaña de Montserrat. Un riesgo geológico relevante
Vilaplana Fernández, Joan Manuel; Royan, Manuel J.; Fontquerni, Sara; Janeras Casanova, Marc; Gonzalez Díaz, Marta
2021-09-01T08:11:00ZVilaplana Fernández, Joan ManuelRoyan, Manuel J.Fontquerni, SaraJaneras Casanova, MarcGonzalez Díaz, MartaBRIDGE: matching model-based diagnosis from FDI and DX perspectives
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/343200
BRIDGE: matching model-based diagnosis from FDI and DX perspectives
Travé-Massuyès, Louise; Escobet Canal, Teresa
After the introduction section of Chapter 7, section 7.2 first presents a brief overview of the approaches proposed by the FDI and DX model- based diagnosis communities. Although quite commonplace, this overview is neces- sary because it provides the basic concepts and principles that form the foundations of our comparative analysis. It is followed by the comparison of the mathematical objects used as input of the diagnosis procedures. Section 7.3 then establishes the correspondances of concepts on both sides and compares the techniques used by the two communities. Interestingly, the results obtained by the two approaches are shown to be the same under some assumptions that are exhibited. Finally, Section 7.4 illustrates the DX-FDI MBD bridge with the classical example of the polybox.
2021-04-07T10:44:06ZTravé-Massuyès, LouiseEscobet Canal, TeresaAfter the introduction section of Chapter 7, section 7.2 first presents a brief overview of the approaches proposed by the FDI and DX model- based diagnosis communities. Although quite commonplace, this overview is neces- sary because it provides the basic concepts and principles that form the foundations of our comparative analysis. It is followed by the comparison of the mathematical objects used as input of the diagnosis procedures. Section 7.3 then establishes the correspondances of concepts on both sides and compares the techniques used by the two communities. Interestingly, the results obtained by the two approaches are shown to be the same under some assumptions that are exhibited. Finally, Section 7.4 illustrates the DX-FDI MBD bridge with the classical example of the polybox.La mineria del Bages: importància de la sal en la vida de la comarca
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/114880
La mineria del Bages: importància de la sal en la vida de la comarca
Alfonso Abella, María Pura
La comarca del Bages representa l’únic lloc de l’Estat espanyol on s’explota la potassa. S’obté a partir de la silvita (KCl), que es troba en dipòsits de roques evaporítiques. La producció del Bages ocupa el tercer lloc entre els països de la Unió Europea, darrere de Bielorússia i Alemanya. La potassa té diverses aplicacions, però la major part es fa servir per a la fabricació de fertilitzants. Aquests són imprescindibles per als cultius i s’espera que la seva necessitat augmenti en les dècades vinents. L’empresa que explota la potassa al Bages, ICL Ibèria, està desenvolupant el projecte PHOENIX, el qual preveu un augment considerable de la producció en aquestes mines.
2018-03-07T09:34:30ZAlfonso Abella, María PuraLa comarca del Bages representa l’únic lloc de l’Estat espanyol on s’explota la potassa. S’obté a partir de la silvita (KCl), que es troba en dipòsits de roques evaporítiques. La producció del Bages ocupa el tercer lloc entre els països de la Unió Europea, darrere de Bielorússia i Alemanya. La potassa té diverses aplicacions, però la major part es fa servir per a la fabricació de fertilitzants. Aquests són imprescindibles per als cultius i s’espera que la seva necessitat augmenti en les dècades vinents. L’empresa que explota la potassa al Bages, ICL Ibèria, està desenvolupant el projecte PHOENIX, el qual preveu un augment considerable de la producció en aquestes mines.Fault diagnosis
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/113976
Fault diagnosis
Escobet Canal, Teresa; Sarrate Estruch, Ramon; Comasòlivas Font, Ramon
This book presents a set of approaches for the real-time monitoring and control of drinking-water networks based on advanced information and communication technologies. It shows the reader how to achieve significant improvements in efficiency in terms of water use, energy consumption, water loss minimization, and water quality guarantees.
The methods and approaches presented are illustrated and have been applied using real-life pilot demonstrations based on the drinking-water network in Barcelona, Spain. The proposed approaches and tools cover:
- decision-making support for real-time optimal control of water transport networks, explaining how stochastic model predictive control algorithms that take explicit account of uncertainties associated with energy prices and real demand allow the main flow andpressure actuators—pumping stations and pressure regulation valves—and intermediate storage tanks to be operated to meet demand using the most sustainable types of source and with minimum electricity costs;
- decision-making support for monitoring water balance and distribution network quality in real time, implementing fault detection anddiagnosis techniques and using information from hundreds of flow,pressure, and water-quality sensors together with hydraulic and quality-parameter-evolution models to detect and locate leaks in the network, possible breaches in water quality, and failures in sensors and/or actuators;
- consumer-demand prediction, based on smart metering techniques, producing detailed analyses and forecasts of consumption patterns,providing a customer communications service, and suggesting economic measures intended to promote more efficient use of water at the household level.
Researchers and engineers working with drinking-water networks will find this a vital support in overcoming the problems associated with increased population, environmental sensitivities and regulation, aging infrastructures, energy requirements, and limited water sources.
2018-02-09T14:59:39ZEscobet Canal, TeresaSarrate Estruch, RamonComasòlivas Font, RamonThis book presents a set of approaches for the real-time monitoring and control of drinking-water networks based on advanced information and communication technologies. It shows the reader how to achieve significant improvements in efficiency in terms of water use, energy consumption, water loss minimization, and water quality guarantees.
The methods and approaches presented are illustrated and have been applied using real-life pilot demonstrations based on the drinking-water network in Barcelona, Spain. The proposed approaches and tools cover:
- decision-making support for real-time optimal control of water transport networks, explaining how stochastic model predictive control algorithms that take explicit account of uncertainties associated with energy prices and real demand allow the main flow andpressure actuators—pumping stations and pressure regulation valves—and intermediate storage tanks to be operated to meet demand using the most sustainable types of source and with minimum electricity costs;
- decision-making support for monitoring water balance and distribution network quality in real time, implementing fault detection anddiagnosis techniques and using information from hundreds of flow,pressure, and water-quality sensors together with hydraulic and quality-parameter-evolution models to detect and locate leaks in the network, possible breaches in water quality, and failures in sensors and/or actuators;
- consumer-demand prediction, based on smart metering techniques, producing detailed analyses and forecasts of consumption patterns,providing a customer communications service, and suggesting economic measures intended to promote more efficient use of water at the household level.
Researchers and engineers working with drinking-water networks will find this a vital support in overcoming the problems associated with increased population, environmental sensitivities and regulation, aging infrastructures, energy requirements, and limited water sources.Innovation projects using roadmaps
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/113135
Innovation projects using roadmaps
Albiol Rodríguez, Jordi; Lloveras Macià, Joaquín
Roadmaps and their methodology (TRM, Technology roadmapping) are a planning tool for medium and long-term projects which are useful to any business or corporation. Roadmaps cover many aspects that must be taken into account in a company's innovation forecasting and its development over time, such as opportunities to launch new products or to change existing ones, marketing, new markets, competitors, capabilities and skills, weaknesses, results exploitation, goals...
The basic beginning information of the Roadmap is the result of research on internal and external factors of the company by asking questions like: What do we produce? Who are we in our sector? What do we want to / can we achieve? What or who is our competition? What do we have and what should we have?
This article deals with the historical development of roadmapping and the state of the art of its different methodologies as well as the clusters that generate them (EIRMA, Northwestern, Cambridge, Purdue, Nottingham...) and their distinguishing features.
2018-01-24T12:11:29ZAlbiol Rodríguez, JordiLloveras Macià, JoaquínRoadmaps and their methodology (TRM, Technology roadmapping) are a planning tool for medium and long-term projects which are useful to any business or corporation. Roadmaps cover many aspects that must be taken into account in a company's innovation forecasting and its development over time, such as opportunities to launch new products or to change existing ones, marketing, new markets, competitors, capabilities and skills, weaknesses, results exploitation, goals...
The basic beginning information of the Roadmap is the result of research on internal and external factors of the company by asking questions like: What do we produce? Who are we in our sector? What do we want to / can we achieve? What or who is our competition? What do we have and what should we have?
This article deals with the historical development of roadmapping and the state of the art of its different methodologies as well as the clusters that generate them (EIRMA, Northwestern, Cambridge, Purdue, Nottingham...) and their distinguishing features.Geoquímica orgànica ambiental de sistemes aquàtics a Catalunya
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/97685
Geoquímica orgànica ambiental de sistemes aquàtics a Catalunya
Heras Cisa, F. Xavier de las; Basas Jaumandreu, Josep
2016-12-02T11:17:44ZHeras Cisa, F. Xavier de lasBasas Jaumandreu, JosepComposició isotòpica de l’oxigen (18O/16O) en els feldspats i el quars dels granitoides hercinians: Guilleries-Montseny i Pirineus Orientals
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/97676
Composició isotòpica de l’oxigen (18O/16O) en els feldspats i el quars dels granitoides hercinians: Guilleries-Montseny i Pirineus Orientals
Fàbrega Alsina, Carles; Parcerisa Duocastella, David; Gómez Gras, David Manuel; Travé, Anna; Franke, Christine; Gurenko, Andrey
2016-12-02T09:53:33ZFàbrega Alsina, CarlesParcerisa Duocastella, DavidGómez Gras, David ManuelTravé, AnnaFranke, ChristineGurenko, AndreyDesulfurization of biogas in biotrickling filters
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/97614
Desulfurization of biogas in biotrickling filters
Gamisans Noguera, Javier; Gabriel Buguña, David; Deshusses, Marc A.
2016-12-01T12:48:27ZGamisans Noguera, JavierGabriel Buguña, DavidDeshusses, Marc A.