Ponències/Comunicacions de congressos
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/21314
2024-03-29T06:09:36Z
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Experimental study on the power consumption of timers embedded into microcontrollers
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/366295
Experimental study on the power consumption of timers embedded into microcontrollers
Reverter Cubarsí, Ferran; Gasulla Forner, Manuel
An experimental study on the current
consumption of timers embedded into microcontrollers is
presented in this work. The study is carried out in two
commercial microcontrollers (MSP430FR5969 and
ATtiny2313) and the experimental results are co mpared with
the scarce data provided in their datasheets. The sensitivity
(expressed in ¿A/MHz) reported in the datasheet seems to be
only applicable if the frequency divider of the timer equals one.
Otherwise, such a sensitivity is lower but there is a significant
offset component, leading to a higher power consumption at the
same operating frequency. The knowledge extracted from this
work is expected to provide guidelines to better use embedded
timers in low-power sensor applications
2022-04-25T10:32:27Z
Reverter Cubarsí, Ferran
Gasulla Forner, Manuel
An experimental study on the current
consumption of timers embedded into microcontrollers is
presented in this work. The study is carried out in two
commercial microcontrollers (MSP430FR5969 and
ATtiny2313) and the experimental results are co mpared with
the scarce data provided in their datasheets. The sensitivity
(expressed in ¿A/MHz) reported in the datasheet seems to be
only applicable if the frequency divider of the timer equals one.
Otherwise, such a sensitivity is lower but there is a significant
offset component, leading to a higher power consumption at the
same operating frequency. The knowledge extracted from this
work is expected to provide guidelines to better use embedded
timers in low-power sensor applications
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A novel measurement technique for DC voltage and current reducing the DMM loading effects
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/366120
A novel measurement technique for DC voltage and current reducing the DMM loading effects
Torres, Emilio; Monzo, Carlos; Reverter Cubarsí, Ferran
A novel technique for the measurement of DC
voltage and current that reduces the loading effects of a digital
multimeter is presented in this work. When the variable of
interest is a current (voltage), instead of connecting an ammeter
(voltmeter) in series (parallel), it is proposed to connect a
voltmeter (ammeter) and an ohmmeter in series (parallel) at the
same two terminals conventionally employed. The application of
this new measurement technique reduces the loading effects by
a factor of at least 100 but up to 500, in comparison with those
obtained in the conventional method.
2022-04-20T11:39:28Z
Torres, Emilio
Monzo, Carlos
Reverter Cubarsí, Ferran
A novel technique for the measurement of DC
voltage and current that reduces the loading effects of a digital
multimeter is presented in this work. When the variable of
interest is a current (voltage), instead of connecting an ammeter
(voltmeter) in series (parallel), it is proposed to connect a
voltmeter (ammeter) and an ohmmeter in series (parallel) at the
same two terminals conventionally employed. The application of
this new measurement technique reduces the loading effects by
a factor of at least 100 but up to 500, in comparison with those
obtained in the conventional method.
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Contributions to the pendulum-type wave energy converter system for oceanic drifter applications
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/355970
Contributions to the pendulum-type wave energy converter system for oceanic drifter applications
Carandell Widmer, Matias; Toma, Daniel; Gasulla Forner, Manuel; Río Fernandez, Joaquín del
Lagrangian Drifters are autonomous floating passive devices that provide oceanographic surface data. They are low-cost, versatile and easy-deployable marine instrumentation used in climate research. One of the main challenges related to the drifter’s design is the power autonomy. Some studies explore the kinetic oscillatory movement of the waves as an Energy Harvesting (EH) source. At [1] a novel pendulum-type wave energy converter (WEC) system was presented (Fig. 1). The WEC consists of an articulated pendulum arm with a proof mass. This mass moves relatively to the drifter with pendulum motion. Then, through a gear system, rotation is accumulated and increased in a flywheel which drives a dc electrical generator. Then, a first prototype of an oceanic drifter was designed to embed the WEC and was used to perform tests in real sea conditions [2]. The main purpose of this drifter is to measure its own motion and analyze how it translates into energy production. It contains an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) for the motion study and a measurement system for the estimation of the WEC power generation. Results from the first sea test show a useful mean power on the order of milliwatts, which can be used as an unlimited backup powering system to recover the unit. An algorithm was developed to estimate wave parameters (height and period) from the IMU embedded on the drifter. Then, the effect of the WEC’s inertia on this estimation was assessed by deploying the drifter in a controlled wave flume. It was concluded that the WEC does not generate significant errors [3]. Finally, several maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques for maximizing the WEC harvested energy were evaluated. The designed WEC, together with a power management unit (PMU), was tested on a linear shaker to compare three MPPT techniques, the Constant Voltage versus two variants of the Fractional Open Circuit Voltage (FOCV). Results show a 25% improvement on the scavenged energy with one of the proposed FOCV techniques with respect to the other ones [4]. The purpose of this article is to review the contributions made on WEC systems for lowpower marine environmental monitoring applications.
2021-11-10T12:51:13Z
Carandell Widmer, Matias
Toma, Daniel
Gasulla Forner, Manuel
Río Fernandez, Joaquín del
Lagrangian Drifters are autonomous floating passive devices that provide oceanographic surface data. They are low-cost, versatile and easy-deployable marine instrumentation used in climate research. One of the main challenges related to the drifter’s design is the power autonomy. Some studies explore the kinetic oscillatory movement of the waves as an Energy Harvesting (EH) source. At [1] a novel pendulum-type wave energy converter (WEC) system was presented (Fig. 1). The WEC consists of an articulated pendulum arm with a proof mass. This mass moves relatively to the drifter with pendulum motion. Then, through a gear system, rotation is accumulated and increased in a flywheel which drives a dc electrical generator. Then, a first prototype of an oceanic drifter was designed to embed the WEC and was used to perform tests in real sea conditions [2]. The main purpose of this drifter is to measure its own motion and analyze how it translates into energy production. It contains an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) for the motion study and a measurement system for the estimation of the WEC power generation. Results from the first sea test show a useful mean power on the order of milliwatts, which can be used as an unlimited backup powering system to recover the unit. An algorithm was developed to estimate wave parameters (height and period) from the IMU embedded on the drifter. Then, the effect of the WEC’s inertia on this estimation was assessed by deploying the drifter in a controlled wave flume. It was concluded that the WEC does not generate significant errors [3]. Finally, several maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques for maximizing the WEC harvested energy were evaluated. The designed WEC, together with a power management unit (PMU), was tested on a linear shaker to compare three MPPT techniques, the Constant Voltage versus two variants of the Fractional Open Circuit Voltage (FOCV). Results show a 25% improvement on the scavenged energy with one of the proposed FOCV techniques with respect to the other ones [4]. The purpose of this article is to review the contributions made on WEC systems for lowpower marine environmental monitoring applications.
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Nonlinear dynamic analysis of pendulum-type Wave Energy Converter for low-power marine monitoring applications
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/354542
Nonlinear dynamic analysis of pendulum-type Wave Energy Converter for low-power marine monitoring applications
Carandell Widmer, Matias; Toma, Daniel; Alevras, Panagiotis; Gasulla Forner, Manuel; Río Fernandez, Joaquín del; Barjau Condomines, Ana
A model for a double pendulum Wave Energy Converter (WEC) for drifter applications has been developed and validated. The WEC is composed by an articulated arm, a gear train, a flywheel, a one-way bearing and a DC generator. Due to the one-way bearing, the system may have 3 or 4 DoF. The corresponding equations of motion have been obtained through the Lagrange formulation. The model has been experimentally validated on a long-stroke shaker by emulating part of a drifter’s motion under wave’s excitation. This motion is in good agreement with the simulation results prior conducted with OrcaFlex package.
2021-10-26T07:07:45Z
Carandell Widmer, Matias
Toma, Daniel
Alevras, Panagiotis
Gasulla Forner, Manuel
Río Fernandez, Joaquín del
Barjau Condomines, Ana
A model for a double pendulum Wave Energy Converter (WEC) for drifter applications has been developed and validated. The WEC is composed by an articulated arm, a gear train, a flywheel, a one-way bearing and a DC generator. Due to the one-way bearing, the system may have 3 or 4 DoF. The corresponding equations of motion have been obtained through the Lagrange formulation. The model has been experimentally validated on a long-stroke shaker by emulating part of a drifter’s motion under wave’s excitation. This motion is in good agreement with the simulation results prior conducted with OrcaFlex package.
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Real-time wave monitoring on coastal areas using LPWAN-based embedded systems
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/353250
Real-time wave monitoring on coastal areas using LPWAN-based embedded systems
Carandell Widmer, Matias; Toma, Daniel; Artero Delgado, Carola; Gasulla Forner, Manuel; Río Fernandez, Joaquín del
A new embedded system is presented for real-time wave monitoring on coastal areas using SigFox communication. SigFox is a Low-Power Wide-Area Network technology that has been rarely used in coastal marine monitoring. The system is based on the low-power TD1205P module that includes a microcontroller, an accelerometer, a GNSS receiver and a SigFox transceiver. Each hour, the module estimates the wave’s maximum height (Hmax) and mean period (Tz), determines the GPS position, and wirelessly transmits the data through the SigFox network. The procedure for wave parameter estimation is based on the zero-upcrossing method using the vertical acceleration data. It was experimentally validated by attaching the embedded system to a moored buoy and comparing Hmax and Tz with that provided by a seafloor acoustic wave and current profiler, used as a reference. Results over a period of two months show a good match for Hmax but less for Tz, which cross-correlation values at zero lag of about 0.85 and 0.5, respectively. Power tests of the embedded system were also performed resulting in a lifetime estimation of 420 days with a battery pack of 3 Ah.
© 2021 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.
2021-10-07T08:06:24Z
Carandell Widmer, Matias
Toma, Daniel
Artero Delgado, Carola
Gasulla Forner, Manuel
Río Fernandez, Joaquín del
A new embedded system is presented for real-time wave monitoring on coastal areas using SigFox communication. SigFox is a Low-Power Wide-Area Network technology that has been rarely used in coastal marine monitoring. The system is based on the low-power TD1205P module that includes a microcontroller, an accelerometer, a GNSS receiver and a SigFox transceiver. Each hour, the module estimates the wave’s maximum height (Hmax) and mean period (Tz), determines the GPS position, and wirelessly transmits the data through the SigFox network. The procedure for wave parameter estimation is based on the zero-upcrossing method using the vertical acceleration data. It was experimentally validated by attaching the embedded system to a moored buoy and comparing Hmax and Tz with that provided by a seafloor acoustic wave and current profiler, used as a reference. Results over a period of two months show a good match for Hmax but less for Tz, which cross-correlation values at zero lag of about 0.85 and 0.5, respectively. Power tests of the embedded system were also performed resulting in a lifetime estimation of 420 days with a battery pack of 3 Ah.
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Impact on the wave parameters estimation of a kinetic energy harvester embedded into a drifter
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/345878
Impact on the wave parameters estimation of a kinetic energy harvester embedded into a drifter
Carandell Widmer, Matias; Toma, Daniel; Pinto, José P.; Gasulla Forner, Manuel; Río Fernandez, Joaquín del
The effect of a Kinetic Energy Harvester (KEH) on the wave parameters estimation at a WAVY Ocean (WO) drifter is being studied. An algorithm has been developed to calculate the wave parameters from the Inertial Measuring Unit (IMU) embedded on the drifter. Simulations performed by OrcaFlex have been used to refine the algorithm and assess the measurement errors derived from the drifter response. Finally, a WO prototype has been deployed in the controlled environment of CIEM wave flume. Results prove that the KEH has no significant impact on the wave parameter estimation.
© 2020 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.; Segon Premi de la Student Poster Competition de l’IEEE Oceans Global Congress, 2020
2021-05-19T07:06:16Z
Carandell Widmer, Matias
Toma, Daniel
Pinto, José P.
Gasulla Forner, Manuel
Río Fernandez, Joaquín del
The effect of a Kinetic Energy Harvester (KEH) on the wave parameters estimation at a WAVY Ocean (WO) drifter is being studied. An algorithm has been developed to calculate the wave parameters from the Inertial Measuring Unit (IMU) embedded on the drifter. Simulations performed by OrcaFlex have been used to refine the algorithm and assess the measurement errors derived from the drifter response. Finally, a WO prototype has been deployed in the controlled environment of CIEM wave flume. Results prove that the KEH has no significant impact on the wave parameter estimation.
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A Simple direct microcontroller interface for capacitively-coupled resistive sensors
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/342305
A Simple direct microcontroller interface for capacitively-coupled resistive sensors
Areekath, Lakshmi; George, Boby; Reverter Cubarsí, Ferran
A novel approach to interface capacitively-coupled resistive sensors directly to a microcontroller is presented in this paper. The existing schemes for the measurement of the resistance of a sensing element that is inaccessible, unless through capacitive coupling, are complex. This paper presents a direct microcontroller interface solution for this category of sensors. When a resistive sensor is coupled to the measurement system through capacitances, one of the main challenges is to make the resistance measurement insensitive to variations in the coupling capacitances
2021-03-23T15:55:45Z
Areekath, Lakshmi
George, Boby
Reverter Cubarsí, Ferran
A novel approach to interface capacitively-coupled resistive sensors directly to a microcontroller is presented in this paper. The existing schemes for the measurement of the resistance of a sensing element that is inaccessible, unless through capacitive coupling, are complex. This paper presents a direct microcontroller interface solution for this category of sensors. When a resistive sensor is coupled to the measurement system through capacitances, one of the main challenges is to make the resistance measurement insensitive to variations in the coupling capacitances
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Using a digital timer to demodulate AM triangular signals for sensor applications
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/342301
Using a digital timer to demodulate AM triangular signals for sensor applications
Reverter Cubarsí, Ferran; Gasulla Forner, Manuel
A timer-based demodulator for low-frequency amplitude-modulated (AM) triangular signals coming from sensor circuits is presented in this work. The proposed circuit does not require a rectifier/mixer, a low-pass filter, or an analog-to-digital converter, but it employs a digital timer to extract and digitize the AM-signal amplitude.
2021-03-23T15:40:26Z
Reverter Cubarsí, Ferran
Gasulla Forner, Manuel
A timer-based demodulator for low-frequency amplitude-modulated (AM) triangular signals coming from sensor circuits is presented in this work. The proposed circuit does not require a rectifier/mixer, a low-pass filter, or an analog-to-digital converter, but it employs a digital timer to extract and digitize the AM-signal amplitude.
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On measuring power efficiency in DC-DC converters at light load currents
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/342142
On measuring power efficiency in DC-DC converters at light load currents
Gasulla Forner, Manuel; Reverter Cubarsí, Ferran
This paper tackles the problematic issue of
measuring the efficiency at DC-DC converters operating in
PFM mode, which are used for light loads such as sensor nodes.
Such converters present a pulsed input current, which hinders
a correct estimation of the average input power. For estimating
it, two instruments were used (a power analyzer and a current
waveform analyzer) as well as two methods respectively based
on the following calculations: 1) exact from the voltage and
current samples and 2) approximate from the average values of
voltage and current.
2021-03-22T12:28:47Z
Gasulla Forner, Manuel
Reverter Cubarsí, Ferran
This paper tackles the problematic issue of
measuring the efficiency at DC-DC converters operating in
PFM mode, which are used for light loads such as sensor nodes.
Such converters present a pulsed input current, which hinders
a correct estimation of the average input power. For estimating
it, two instruments were used (a power analyzer and a current
waveform analyzer) as well as two methods respectively based
on the following calculations: 1) exact from the voltage and
current samples and 2) approximate from the average values of
voltage and current.
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Optimum MPPT strategy for low-power pendulum-type wave energy converters
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/335465
Optimum MPPT strategy for low-power pendulum-type wave energy converters
Carandell Widmer, Matias; Toma, Daniel; Río Fernandez, Joaquín del; Gasulla Forner, Manuel
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques for low-power pendulum-type Wave Energy Converters were evaluated. A Kinetic Energy Harvester previously designed, together with a Power Management Unit, were tested on a linear shaker to compare three MPPT techniques, the Constant Voltage versus two variants of the Fractional Open Circuit Voltage (FOCV). Results show a 25% improvement on the scavenged energy with one of the proposed FOCV techniques with respect to the other ones.
© 2020 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.
2021-01-18T14:37:26Z
Carandell Widmer, Matias
Toma, Daniel
Río Fernandez, Joaquín del
Gasulla Forner, Manuel
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques for low-power pendulum-type Wave Energy Converters were evaluated. A Kinetic Energy Harvester previously designed, together with a Power Management Unit, were tested on a linear shaker to compare three MPPT techniques, the Constant Voltage versus two variants of the Fractional Open Circuit Voltage (FOCV). Results show a 25% improvement on the scavenged energy with one of the proposed FOCV techniques with respect to the other ones.