2018: Vol. 42, Núm. 2
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/165948
2024-03-28T20:28:47ZPoisson excess relative risk models: new implementations and software
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/178511
Poisson excess relative risk models: new implementations and software
Higueras, Manuel; Howes, Adam
Two new implementations for fitting Poisson excess relative risk methods are proposed for assumed simple models. This allows for estimation of the excess relative risk associated with a unique exposure, where the background risk is modelled by a unique categorical variable, for example gender or attained age levels. Additionally, it is shown how to fit general Poisson linear relative risk models in R. Both simple methods and the R fitting are illustrated in three examples. The first two examples are from the radiation epidemiology literature. Data in the third example are randomly generated with the purpose of sharing it jointly with the R scripts.
2020-02-24T16:16:49ZHigueras, ManuelHowes, AdamTwo new implementations for fitting Poisson excess relative risk methods are proposed for assumed simple models. This allows for estimation of the excess relative risk associated with a unique exposure, where the background risk is modelled by a unique categorical variable, for example gender or attained age levels. Additionally, it is shown how to fit general Poisson linear relative risk models in R. Both simple methods and the R fitting are illustrated in three examples. The first two examples are from the radiation epidemiology literature. Data in the third example are randomly generated with the purpose of sharing it jointly with the R scripts.Effect of agro-climatic conditions on near infrared spectra of extra virgin olive oils
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/178509
Effect of agro-climatic conditions on near infrared spectra of extra virgin olive oils
Sánchez-Rodríguez, María Isabel; Sánchez-López, Elena M.; Caridad, José Mª; Marinas, Alberto; Urbano, Francisco José
Authentication of extra virgin olive oil requires fast and cost-effective analytical procedures, such as near infrared spectroscopy. Multivariate analysis and chemometrics have been successfully applied in several papers to gather qualitative and quantitative information of extra virgin olive oils from near infrared spectra. Moreover, there are many examples in the literature analysing the effect of agro-climatic conditions on food content, in general, and in olive oil components, in particular. But the majority of these studies considered a factor, a non-numerical variable, containing this meteorological information. The present work uses all the agro-climatic data with the aim of highlighting the linear relationships between them and the near infrared spectra. The study begins with a graphical motivation, continues with a bivariate analysis and, finally, applies redundancy analysis to extend and confirm the previous conclusions.
2020-02-24T16:15:36ZSánchez-Rodríguez, María IsabelSánchez-López, Elena M.Caridad, José MªMarinas, AlbertoUrbano, Francisco JoséAuthentication of extra virgin olive oil requires fast and cost-effective analytical procedures, such as near infrared spectroscopy. Multivariate analysis and chemometrics have been successfully applied in several papers to gather qualitative and quantitative information of extra virgin olive oils from near infrared spectra. Moreover, there are many examples in the literature analysing the effect of agro-climatic conditions on food content, in general, and in olive oil components, in particular. But the majority of these studies considered a factor, a non-numerical variable, containing this meteorological information. The present work uses all the agro-climatic data with the aim of highlighting the linear relationships between them and the near infrared spectra. The study begins with a graphical motivation, continues with a bivariate analysis and, finally, applies redundancy analysis to extend and confirm the previous conclusions.Field rules and bias in random surveys with quota samples. An assessment of CIS surveys
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/178508
Field rules and bias in random surveys with quota samples. An assessment of CIS surveys
Pavía, José M.; Aybar, Cristina
Surveys applying quota sampling in their final step are widely used in opinion and market research all over the world. This is also the case in Spain, where the surveys carried out by CIS (a public institution for sociological research supported by the government) have become a point of reference. The rules used by CIS to select individuals within quotas, however, could be improved as they lead to biases in age distributions. Analysing more than 545,000 responses collected in the 220 monthly barometers conducted between 1997 and 2016 by CIS, we compare the empirical distributions of the barometers with the expected distributions from the sample design and/or target populations. Among other results, we find, as a consequence of the rules used, significant overrepresentations in the observed proportions of respondents with ages equal to the minimum and maximum of each quota (age and gender group). Furthermore, in line with previous literature, we also note a significant overrepresentation of ages ending in zero. After offering simple solutions to avoid all these biases, we discuss some of their consequences for modelling and inference and about limitations and potentialities of CIS data.
2020-02-24T16:14:13ZPavía, José M.Aybar, CristinaSurveys applying quota sampling in their final step are widely used in opinion and market research all over the world. This is also the case in Spain, where the surveys carried out by CIS (a public institution for sociological research supported by the government) have become a point of reference. The rules used by CIS to select individuals within quotas, however, could be improved as they lead to biases in age distributions. Analysing more than 545,000 responses collected in the 220 monthly barometers conducted between 1997 and 2016 by CIS, we compare the empirical distributions of the barometers with the expected distributions from the sample design and/or target populations. Among other results, we find, as a consequence of the rules used, significant overrepresentations in the observed proportions of respondents with ages equal to the minimum and maximum of each quota (age and gender group). Furthermore, in line with previous literature, we also note a significant overrepresentation of ages ending in zero. After offering simple solutions to avoid all these biases, we discuss some of their consequences for modelling and inference and about limitations and potentialities of CIS data.Efficiency of propensity score adjustment and calibration on the estimation from non-probabilistic online surveys
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/178507
Efficiency of propensity score adjustment and calibration on the estimation from non-probabilistic online surveys
Ferri-García, Ramón; Rueda, María del Mar
2020-02-24T16:12:43ZFerri-García, RamónRueda, María del MarA contingency table approach based on nearest neighbour relations for testing self and mixed correspondence
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/178506
A contingency table approach based on nearest neighbour relations for testing self and mixed correspondence
Ceyhan, Elvan
Nearest neighbour methods are employed for drawing inferences about spatial patterns of points from two or more classes. We introduce a new pattern called correspondence which is motivated by (spatial) niche/habitat specificity and segregation, and define an associated contingency table called a correspondence contingency table, and examine the relation of correspondence with the motivating patterns (namely, segregation and niche specificity). We propose tests based on the correspondence contingency table for testing self and mixed correspondence and determine the appropriate null hypotheses and the underlying conditions appropriate for these tests. We compare finite sample performance of the tests in terms of empirical size and power by extensive Monte Carlo simulations and illustrate the methods on two artificial data sets and one real-life ecological data set.
2020-02-24T16:11:51ZCeyhan, ElvanNearest neighbour methods are employed for drawing inferences about spatial patterns of points from two or more classes. We introduce a new pattern called correspondence which is motivated by (spatial) niche/habitat specificity and segregation, and define an associated contingency table called a correspondence contingency table, and examine the relation of correspondence with the motivating patterns (namely, segregation and niche specificity). We propose tests based on the correspondence contingency table for testing self and mixed correspondence and determine the appropriate null hypotheses and the underlying conditions appropriate for these tests. We compare finite sample performance of the tests in terms of empirical size and power by extensive Monte Carlo simulations and illustrate the methods on two artificial data sets and one real-life ecological data set.Evidence functions: a compositional approach to information
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/178505
Evidence functions: a compositional approach to information
Egozcue, Juan-José; Pawlowsky-Glahn, Vera
The discrete case of Bayes’ formula is considered the paradigm of information acquisition. Prior and posterior probability functions, as well as likelihood functions, called evidence functions, are compositions following the Aitchison geometry of the simplex, and have thus vector character. Bayes’ formula becomes a vector addition. The Aitchison norm of an evidence function is introduced as a scalar measurement of information. A fictitious fire scenario serves as illustration. Two different inspections of affected houses are considered. Two questions are addressed: (a) which is the information provided by the outcomes of inspections, and (b) which is the most informative inspection.
2020-02-24T16:10:24ZEgozcue, Juan-JoséPawlowsky-Glahn, VeraThe discrete case of Bayes’ formula is considered the paradigm of information acquisition. Prior and posterior probability functions, as well as likelihood functions, called evidence functions, are compositions following the Aitchison geometry of the simplex, and have thus vector character. Bayes’ formula becomes a vector addition. The Aitchison norm of an evidence function is introduced as a scalar measurement of information. A fictitious fire scenario serves as illustration. Two different inspections of affected houses are considered. Two questions are addressed: (a) which is the information provided by the outcomes of inspections, and (b) which is the most informative inspection.