Capítols de llibrehttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/3356132024-03-28T22:26:49Z2024-03-28T22:26:49ZIntercomparison and sensitivity analysis of gas-phase dry deposition schemesLópez Coronado, Franco RodrigoGonçalves Ageitos, MaríaBowdalo, DeneJorba Casellas, Oriolhttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/3834812024-01-02T01:29:47Z2023-02-16T09:29:05ZIntercomparison and sensitivity analysis of gas-phase dry deposition schemes
López Coronado, Franco Rodrigo; Gonçalves Ageitos, María; Bowdalo, Dene; Jorba Casellas, Oriol
The dry deposition of gaseous species, such as ozone, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, is a major pathway in its removal from the atmosphere. Chemical Transport Models (CTM) commonly use a resistance approach to determine the deposition velocity of these gases. The objective of this study is twofold, first to compare different dry deposition schemes used in state-of-the-art CTMs, and second to evaluate the sensitivity of such schemes to key input parameters (meteorological conditions, soil type, leaf area index, reference values for non-stomatal resistances). The canopy resistance accounts for most of the resistance in deposition velocity, therefore its formulation has been used for the intercomparison in the present study. The selected schemes are based on the formulations of Wesely (Atmos Environ 23:1293–1304, 1989), Emberson et al. (Towards a model of ozone deposition and stomatal uptake over Europe, Oslo: Det Norske Meteorologiske Institutt., 2000) or Zhang et al. (Atmos Chem Phys 3:2067–2082, 2003) with subsequent modifications accounting for the effect of phenology, photoactive radiation, vapor pressure deficit and soil–water potential. The stomatal resistance is the component of the canopy resistance related to the uptake of gases by the leaves. As it is commonly calculated for ozone and then extrapolated to other gases, the parameterization for ozone has been studied. The sensitivity analyses have been carried out by modifying the input parameters shared by most of the schemes. They are related mainly to the physiology of the vegetation and the process of gas exchange at the stomata. Meteorological inputs derived from ERA5 are used in the intercomparison. The simulated ozone deposition velocities are compared with available observational data. The dry deposition schemes show strong differences in the seasonal cycle, both in the vegetated and non-vegetated land use classes. The identification of critical parameters helps constraining dry deposition schemes incorporated in atmospheric models.
2023-02-16T09:29:05ZLópez Coronado, Franco RodrigoGonçalves Ageitos, MaríaBowdalo, DeneJorba Casellas, OriolThe dry deposition of gaseous species, such as ozone, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, is a major pathway in its removal from the atmosphere. Chemical Transport Models (CTM) commonly use a resistance approach to determine the deposition velocity of these gases. The objective of this study is twofold, first to compare different dry deposition schemes used in state-of-the-art CTMs, and second to evaluate the sensitivity of such schemes to key input parameters (meteorological conditions, soil type, leaf area index, reference values for non-stomatal resistances). The canopy resistance accounts for most of the resistance in deposition velocity, therefore its formulation has been used for the intercomparison in the present study. The selected schemes are based on the formulations of Wesely (Atmos Environ 23:1293–1304, 1989), Emberson et al. (Towards a model of ozone deposition and stomatal uptake over Europe, Oslo: Det Norske Meteorologiske Institutt., 2000) or Zhang et al. (Atmos Chem Phys 3:2067–2082, 2003) with subsequent modifications accounting for the effect of phenology, photoactive radiation, vapor pressure deficit and soil–water potential. The stomatal resistance is the component of the canopy resistance related to the uptake of gases by the leaves. As it is commonly calculated for ozone and then extrapolated to other gases, the parameterization for ozone has been studied. The sensitivity analyses have been carried out by modifying the input parameters shared by most of the schemes. They are related mainly to the physiology of the vegetation and the process of gas exchange at the stomata. Meteorological inputs derived from ERA5 are used in the intercomparison. The simulated ozone deposition velocities are compared with available observational data. The dry deposition schemes show strong differences in the seasonal cycle, both in the vegetated and non-vegetated land use classes. The identification of critical parameters helps constraining dry deposition schemes incorporated in atmospheric models.Influence of design and operation parameters in the organic load and nutrient removal in constructed wetlandsHale, Jason AdamsGarcía Serrano, Joanhttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/3486052023-11-12T10:27:15Z2021-07-06T11:58:58ZInfluence of design and operation parameters in the organic load and nutrient removal in constructed wetlands
Hale, Jason Adams; García Serrano, Joan
This chapter discusses the principal processes, constraints, and design and operation parameters which control organic load and nutrient removal in the basic types of constructed wetlands (CW). While many physical processes act and interact to reduce and remove pollutants from wastewater, many of the nutrient and organic matter removal effects of CWs are dominated or influenced by microbial activity. The main mechanisms for dissolved organic matter removal from wastewater streams are off-gassing of metabolic products such as CO2 and CH4. Aerobic transformation consumes organic matter in the presence of molecular oxygen producing carbon dioxide, water, and energy. Biodegradable organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus are common wastewater contaminants which must be addressed by treatment systems before re-use or discharge back to the environment. The net removal of contaminants is the sum of many processes, including sedimentation, filtration, precipitation, volatilization, adsorption, plant uptake, and various microbial processes influencing carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles, among others.
2021-07-06T11:58:58ZHale, Jason AdamsGarcía Serrano, JoanThis chapter discusses the principal processes, constraints, and design and operation parameters which control organic load and nutrient removal in the basic types of constructed wetlands (CW). While many physical processes act and interact to reduce and remove pollutants from wastewater, many of the nutrient and organic matter removal effects of CWs are dominated or influenced by microbial activity. The main mechanisms for dissolved organic matter removal from wastewater streams are off-gassing of metabolic products such as CO2 and CH4. Aerobic transformation consumes organic matter in the presence of molecular oxygen producing carbon dioxide, water, and energy. Biodegradable organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus are common wastewater contaminants which must be addressed by treatment systems before re-use or discharge back to the environment. The net removal of contaminants is the sum of many processes, including sedimentation, filtration, precipitation, volatilization, adsorption, plant uptake, and various microbial processes influencing carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles, among others.When size matters – textile microfibers into the environmentBelzagui Elder, FranciscoGutiérrez Bouzán, María CarmenÁlvarez Sánchez, AntonioVilaseca, Mercèhttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/3356162023-07-30T02:30:24Z2021-01-20T11:15:03ZWhen size matters – textile microfibers into the environment
Belzagui Elder, Francisco; Gutiérrez Bouzán, María Carmen; Álvarez Sánchez, Antonio; Vilaseca, Mercè
Microplastics (MP from now on) are synthetic polymers (<5 mm) that have been widely found across the environment, converting these particles in an emerging and fast-growing concern. Any plastic product can contribute to the microplastic pollution, meaning that the sources are diffuse and intrinsically diverse. Within these sources, textile microfibers (MFs from now on) have been predominantly identified in water, [1, 2] atmospheric [3, 4] and soil environments, [5, 6] and also in products for human consumption [7, 8]. For this reason, MFs are considered as one of the most important primary MP sources, i.e., emitted to the environment in a MP size [9]
2021-01-20T11:15:03ZBelzagui Elder, FranciscoGutiérrez Bouzán, María CarmenÁlvarez Sánchez, AntonioVilaseca, MercèMicroplastics (MP from now on) are synthetic polymers (<5 mm) that have been widely found across the environment, converting these particles in an emerging and fast-growing concern. Any plastic product can contribute to the microplastic pollution, meaning that the sources are diffuse and intrinsically diverse. Within these sources, textile microfibers (MFs from now on) have been predominantly identified in water, [1, 2] atmospheric [3, 4] and soil environments, [5, 6] and also in products for human consumption [7, 8]. For this reason, MFs are considered as one of the most important primary MP sources, i.e., emitted to the environment in a MP size [9]Cigarette butts as a source of microfibers to the environmentBelzagui Elder, FranciscoGutiérrez Bouzán, María CarmenÁlvarez Sánchez, AntonioVilaseca, Mercèhttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/3356122023-07-30T00:04:28Z2021-01-20T10:40:21ZCigarette butts as a source of microfibers to the environment
Belzagui Elder, Francisco; Gutiérrez Bouzán, María Carmen; Álvarez Sánchez, Antonio; Vilaseca, Mercè
Several clean-up campaigns have reported that cigarette butts (CB for now on) are the largest item littered worldwide [1]. In 2007, the annual global consumption of cigarettes ascended to 6 trillion, [2, 3, 4] from where approximately 4.5 trillion CBs were carelessly dumped into the environment [5, 6]. Hence, CBs constitute a worldwide and severe toxic litter disposal problem [7]. Yet, little attention is put onto this pollutant
2021-01-20T10:40:21ZBelzagui Elder, FranciscoGutiérrez Bouzán, María CarmenÁlvarez Sánchez, AntonioVilaseca, MercèSeveral clean-up campaigns have reported that cigarette butts (CB for now on) are the largest item littered worldwide [1]. In 2007, the annual global consumption of cigarettes ascended to 6 trillion, [2, 3, 4] from where approximately 4.5 trillion CBs were carelessly dumped into the environment [5, 6]. Hence, CBs constitute a worldwide and severe toxic litter disposal problem [7]. Yet, little attention is put onto this pollutant