Ponències/Comunicacions de congressoshttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/1847222024-03-28T14:55:53Z2024-03-28T14:55:53ZProfit allocation in industrial symbiosis networks: utility exchangesLechtenberg, FabianEspuña Camarasa, AntonioGraells Sobré, Moisèshttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/3932122023-09-11T02:13:42Z2023-09-07T10:24:42ZProfit allocation in industrial symbiosis networks: utility exchanges
Lechtenberg, Fabian; Espuña Camarasa, Antonio; Graells Sobré, Moisès
Industrial symbiosis networks enable efficient resource sharing between companies and, thereby, generate otherwise unachievable profits. This work studies the multi-actor process integration problem that arises when addressing utility exchange involving different companies. The aim is to find stable profit allocations by combining process integration principles with game theory methods. The profit table provides the necessary information to solve the cooperative game that takes place in the industrial park. For the case study, a simplified utility exchange model is developed and the proposed decisionmaking framework is applied to it, in order to highlight the importance of knowledge about the potential pitfalls of the employed profit allocation methods.
2023-09-07T10:24:42ZLechtenberg, FabianEspuña Camarasa, AntonioGraells Sobré, MoisèsIndustrial symbiosis networks enable efficient resource sharing between companies and, thereby, generate otherwise unachievable profits. This work studies the multi-actor process integration problem that arises when addressing utility exchange involving different companies. The aim is to find stable profit allocations by combining process integration principles with game theory methods. The profit table provides the necessary information to solve the cooperative game that takes place in the industrial park. For the case study, a simplified utility exchange model is developed and the proposed decisionmaking framework is applied to it, in order to highlight the importance of knowledge about the potential pitfalls of the employed profit allocation methods.Integrated synthesis, modeling, and assessment of waste-to-resource alternativesPacheco López, AdrianSomoza Tornos, AnaGraells Sobré, MoisèsEspuña Camarasa, Antoniohttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/3877422023-10-29T02:15:56Z2023-05-23T11:13:25ZIntegrated synthesis, modeling, and assessment of waste-to-resource alternatives
Pacheco López, Adrian; Somoza Tornos, Ana; Graells Sobré, Moisès; Espuña Camarasa, Antonio
To address the urgent need to transform the current economic paradigm towards a more circular one, this contribution proposes a framework for assisting the selection of the most promising waste-to-resource alternatives. An ontology-based approach is used to manage and centralize the knowledge across the different stages of this methodology. Feasible combinations of operations lead to processing routes connecting waste with products and the paths are assessed to pre-select the most suitable ones. Then, the network is optimized, and a set of configurations are obtained in order to maximize economic profit and minimize environmental impact. The performance of the proposed framework is illustrated through a case study for the treatment of mixed plastic waste. Results show how pyrolysis-based treatments lead to suitable options according to some specified objectives but also reveal the main drawbacks and conditions that these treatments should improve. The work also demonstrates how to efficiently assess a large number of options, and discusses how to build and improve new processing networks.
2023-05-23T11:13:25ZPacheco López, AdrianSomoza Tornos, AnaGraells Sobré, MoisèsEspuña Camarasa, AntonioTo address the urgent need to transform the current economic paradigm towards a more circular one, this contribution proposes a framework for assisting the selection of the most promising waste-to-resource alternatives. An ontology-based approach is used to manage and centralize the knowledge across the different stages of this methodology. Feasible combinations of operations lead to processing routes connecting waste with products and the paths are assessed to pre-select the most suitable ones. Then, the network is optimized, and a set of configurations are obtained in order to maximize economic profit and minimize environmental impact. The performance of the proposed framework is illustrated through a case study for the treatment of mixed plastic waste. Results show how pyrolysis-based treatments lead to suitable options according to some specified objectives but also reveal the main drawbacks and conditions that these treatments should improve. The work also demonstrates how to efficiently assess a large number of options, and discusses how to build and improve new processing networks.Using fuzzy logic to evaluate fire vulnerability of dwellings located at the wildland-urban interfaceAgueda Costafreda, AlbaVacca, PascalePlanas Cuchi, EulàliaPastor Ferrer, Elsahttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/3847902023-03-09T13:10:29Z2023-03-09T13:08:35ZUsing fuzzy logic to evaluate fire vulnerability of dwellings located at the wildland-urban interface
Agueda Costafreda, Alba; Vacca, Pascale; Planas Cuchi, Eulàlia; Pastor Ferrer, Elsa
WUI fires are posing great challenges to firefighting services, which are overwhelmed by the need to not only suppress the fire, but also protect the community. The need for self-protection is therefore growing, as is the need for the creation of fire-adapted communities. A tool that can aid homeowners and residents of the WUI is therefore created, so that they can identify the vulnerabilities present on their properties and consequently reduce them in order to diminish the risk of damage due to a wildfire. This Vulnerability Assessment Tool is based on a fault tree analysis that includes possible structural vulnerabilities as well as the different ways a fire could spread on a property to finally enter and damage the building. The identification of the probabilities of the different events in the fault tree is obtained through the use of fuzzy logic, for which inputs, outputs and rules are identified. A questionnaire targeted to homeowners and based on the fault tree and linked to the probability identified with fuzzy logic is then developed. By filling in this questionnaire, homeowners at the WUI will be able to know what the probability of a fire entering their house is. The result of the questionnaire also indicates which are the issues on the property that need to be addressed in order to lower this probability. Finally, the tool is validated with a case study of several houses affected by a fire in Spain.
2023-03-09T13:08:35ZAgueda Costafreda, AlbaVacca, PascalePlanas Cuchi, EulàliaPastor Ferrer, ElsaWUI fires are posing great challenges to firefighting services, which are overwhelmed by the need to not only suppress the fire, but also protect the community. The need for self-protection is therefore growing, as is the need for the creation of fire-adapted communities. A tool that can aid homeowners and residents of the WUI is therefore created, so that they can identify the vulnerabilities present on their properties and consequently reduce them in order to diminish the risk of damage due to a wildfire. This Vulnerability Assessment Tool is based on a fault tree analysis that includes possible structural vulnerabilities as well as the different ways a fire could spread on a property to finally enter and damage the building. The identification of the probabilities of the different events in the fault tree is obtained through the use of fuzzy logic, for which inputs, outputs and rules are identified. A questionnaire targeted to homeowners and based on the fault tree and linked to the probability identified with fuzzy logic is then developed. By filling in this questionnaire, homeowners at the WUI will be able to know what the probability of a fire entering their house is. The result of the questionnaire also indicates which are the issues on the property that need to be addressed in order to lower this probability. Finally, the tool is validated with a case study of several houses affected by a fire in Spain.Vulnerability analysis to wildland- urban interface fires in metropolitan areas: an integrated approachPastor Ferrer, ElsaCaballero Valero, DavidRodríguez Giralt, IsraelArenas Conejo, MiriamMorán Núñez, Francisca JosefaCanaleta Garcia, GuillemVacca, PascaleAgueda Costafreda, AlbaPlanas Cuchi, Eulàliahttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/3828712023-12-24T05:58:03Z2023-02-10T10:59:38ZVulnerability analysis to wildland- urban interface fires in metropolitan areas: an integrated approach
Pastor Ferrer, Elsa; Caballero Valero, David; Rodríguez Giralt, Israel; Arenas Conejo, Miriam; Morán Núñez, Francisca Josefa; Canaleta Garcia, Guillem; Vacca, Pascale; Agueda Costafreda, Alba; Planas Cuchi, Eulàlia
Wildfires pose a growing threat to populated areas around the world and especially in the Mediterranean Basin. Numerous Mediterranean cities have typically developed neighbourhoods that expand into forest land in which basic aspects for an efficient WUI fire management have not been considered. In this paper, we present a holistic approach to analyse threats to metropolitan areas due to WUI fires, accounting for infrastructural, societal and ecosystems vulnerability at settlement scale. Based on design fires and the key parameters responsible of fire impact and percolation through communities of most probable WUI fire events, we define key indicators to describe how vulnerable structures are in WUI metropolitan areas. Following, urban and societal indicators are selected to account for population’s vulnerability and, finally, ecosystems potential losses are accounted by ecosystem vulnerability indicators such as ecosystem sensitivity and adaptability. We have implemented this methodology to analyse vulnerability in Barcelona WUI areas and identified those that can be more threatened in case of wildfire. Results of this study will be key to inform risk-reduction public policies, as they provide particular insights on those WUI areas within Barcelona municipality that should be prioritized along with the specific issues that should be tackled.
2023-02-10T10:59:38ZPastor Ferrer, ElsaCaballero Valero, DavidRodríguez Giralt, IsraelArenas Conejo, MiriamMorán Núñez, Francisca JosefaCanaleta Garcia, GuillemVacca, PascaleAgueda Costafreda, AlbaPlanas Cuchi, EulàliaWildfires pose a growing threat to populated areas around the world and especially in the Mediterranean Basin. Numerous Mediterranean cities have typically developed neighbourhoods that expand into forest land in which basic aspects for an efficient WUI fire management have not been considered. In this paper, we present a holistic approach to analyse threats to metropolitan areas due to WUI fires, accounting for infrastructural, societal and ecosystems vulnerability at settlement scale. Based on design fires and the key parameters responsible of fire impact and percolation through communities of most probable WUI fire events, we define key indicators to describe how vulnerable structures are in WUI metropolitan areas. Following, urban and societal indicators are selected to account for population’s vulnerability and, finally, ecosystems potential losses are accounted by ecosystem vulnerability indicators such as ecosystem sensitivity and adaptability. We have implemented this methodology to analyse vulnerability in Barcelona WUI areas and identified those that can be more threatened in case of wildfire. Results of this study will be key to inform risk-reduction public policies, as they provide particular insights on those WUI areas within Barcelona municipality that should be prioritized along with the specific issues that should be tackled.Fire performance of residential shipping containers designed with a shaft wall systemAgueda Costafreda, AlbaVacca, PascaleMarimón Carvajal, FedericoPastor Ferrer, ElsaPlanas Cuchi, Eulàliahttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/3782432022-12-15T12:31:30Z2022-12-15T12:24:20ZFire performance of residential shipping containers designed with a shaft wall system
Agueda Costafreda, Alba; Vacca, Pascale; Marimón Carvajal, Federico; Pastor Ferrer, Elsa; Planas Cuchi, Eulàlia
seven story building made of shipping containers is planned to be built in Barcelona, Spain. This study
mainly aimed to evaluate the fire performance of one of these residential shipping containers whose walls
and ceiling will have a shaft wall system installed.
The default assembly consisted of three fire resistant gypsum boards for vertical panels and a mineral wool
layer within the framing system. This work aimed to assess if system variants (e.g. less gypsum boards, no
mineral wool layer) could still be adequate considering fire resistance purposes.
To determine if steel temperatures would attain a predetermined temperature of 300-350ºC (a temperature
value above which mechanical properties of steel start to change significantly) the temperature evolution
within the shaft wall system and the corrugated steel profile of the container was analysed under different
fire conditions.
Diamonds simulator (v. 2020; Buildsoft) was used to perform the heat transfer analysis from the inside
surface of the container (where the fire source was present) and within the shaft wall and the corrugated
profile. To do so gas temperatures near the walls and the ceiling were required, so these temperatures were
obtained from two sources: (1) The standard fire curve ISO834; (2) CFD simulations performed using the
Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). Post-flashover fire scenarios were modelled in FDS taking into account
the type of fuel present in residential buildings according to international standards.
The results obtained indicate that temperatures lower than 350ºC were attained on the ribbed steel sheet
under all the tested heat exposure conditions. When changing the assembly by removing the mineral wool
layer, fire resistance was found to still be adequate. Therefore, under the tested conditions, the structural
response of the containers would comply with fire protection standards, even in the case where insulation
was reduced.
2022-12-15T12:24:20ZAgueda Costafreda, AlbaVacca, PascaleMarimón Carvajal, FedericoPastor Ferrer, ElsaPlanas Cuchi, Eulàliaseven story building made of shipping containers is planned to be built in Barcelona, Spain. This study
mainly aimed to evaluate the fire performance of one of these residential shipping containers whose walls
and ceiling will have a shaft wall system installed.
The default assembly consisted of three fire resistant gypsum boards for vertical panels and a mineral wool
layer within the framing system. This work aimed to assess if system variants (e.g. less gypsum boards, no
mineral wool layer) could still be adequate considering fire resistance purposes.
To determine if steel temperatures would attain a predetermined temperature of 300-350ºC (a temperature
value above which mechanical properties of steel start to change significantly) the temperature evolution
within the shaft wall system and the corrugated steel profile of the container was analysed under different
fire conditions.
Diamonds simulator (v. 2020; Buildsoft) was used to perform the heat transfer analysis from the inside
surface of the container (where the fire source was present) and within the shaft wall and the corrugated
profile. To do so gas temperatures near the walls and the ceiling were required, so these temperatures were
obtained from two sources: (1) The standard fire curve ISO834; (2) CFD simulations performed using the
Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). Post-flashover fire scenarios were modelled in FDS taking into account
the type of fuel present in residential buildings according to international standards.
The results obtained indicate that temperatures lower than 350ºC were attained on the ribbed steel sheet
under all the tested heat exposure conditions. When changing the assembly by removing the mineral wool
layer, fire resistance was found to still be adequate. Therefore, under the tested conditions, the structural
response of the containers would comply with fire protection standards, even in the case where insulation
was reduced.Modelling and parameter fitting of the dosage of hydrogen peroxide in a photo-fenton processNasr Esfahani, KouroshPérez Moya, MontserratGraells Sobré, Moisèshttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/3751222022-10-27T08:00:24Z2022-10-27T07:52:59ZModelling and parameter fitting of the dosage of hydrogen peroxide in a photo-fenton process
Nasr Esfahani, Kourosh; Pérez Moya, Montserrat; Graells Sobré, Moisès
This study addresses the modelling of the photo-Fenton processes, sensitivity analysis, and parameter fitting, focusing on the supply of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and aiming at the future exploitation in model-based optimization. A flexible H2O2 inlet flow (fed-batch) reported in the literature (Audino et al. 2019) was adopted and computational experiments were performed to examine the behaviour of the model and to investigate the opportunities for reducing its complexity. The fitting of the kinetic and stoichiometric parameters was first undertaken using simulated data and focusing on the experimentally available information: H2O2, Total Organic Carbon (TOC), and dissolved oxygen (O2). Hence, sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the influence of the parameters of the model and the exclusion of those that do not contribute to explaining the process. Finally, the modified model was shown to fit to experimental data. These results provide valuable insight into the planning of the subsequent experimental phase of this research aimed at providing a reliable model of the flexible dosage of H2O2 in photo-Fenton processes.
2022-10-27T07:52:59ZNasr Esfahani, KouroshPérez Moya, MontserratGraells Sobré, MoisèsThis study addresses the modelling of the photo-Fenton processes, sensitivity analysis, and parameter fitting, focusing on the supply of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and aiming at the future exploitation in model-based optimization. A flexible H2O2 inlet flow (fed-batch) reported in the literature (Audino et al. 2019) was adopted and computational experiments were performed to examine the behaviour of the model and to investigate the opportunities for reducing its complexity. The fitting of the kinetic and stoichiometric parameters was first undertaken using simulated data and focusing on the experimentally available information: H2O2, Total Organic Carbon (TOC), and dissolved oxygen (O2). Hence, sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the influence of the parameters of the model and the exclusion of those that do not contribute to explaining the process. Finally, the modified model was shown to fit to experimental data. These results provide valuable insight into the planning of the subsequent experimental phase of this research aimed at providing a reliable model of the flexible dosage of H2O2 in photo-Fenton processes.Towards automated information retrieval of process data and knowledge from academic databasesLechtenberg, FabianFarreres de la Morena, XavierSomoza Tornos, AnaPacheco López, AdrianEspuña Camarasa, AntonioGraells Sobré, Moisèshttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/3668642023-10-29T00:46:45Z2022-05-05T11:11:36ZTowards automated information retrieval of process data and knowledge from academic databases
Lechtenberg, Fabian; Farreres de la Morena, Xavier; Somoza Tornos, Ana; Pacheco López, Adrian; Espuña Camarasa, Antonio; Graells Sobré, Moisès
Process modeling requires both data (chemical reaction yields, kinetic constants, cost estimates, environmental indicators, etc.) and knowledge (operation models and formulations, alternative processes and technologies, etc.). Searching in databases and published research may provide such information, but there is a lack of systematic methods and tools guiding this procedure. The present work describes and assesses an information retrieval methodology that is part of a proposed retrieval and extraction cycle addressing this problem. Two query construction methods for sampling academic databases are proposed, assessed and compared. Departing from a seed corpus of a limited number of papers, Scopus® is used as an academic database to retrieve literature containing information associated with pyrolysis processes of waste plastic. It is found that, with minimal human intervention, the methodology is able to return a ranked list of candidate documents that have a considerable (linguistic) relevance.
2022-05-05T11:11:36ZLechtenberg, FabianFarreres de la Morena, XavierSomoza Tornos, AnaPacheco López, AdrianEspuña Camarasa, AntonioGraells Sobré, MoisèsProcess modeling requires both data (chemical reaction yields, kinetic constants, cost estimates, environmental indicators, etc.) and knowledge (operation models and formulations, alternative processes and technologies, etc.). Searching in databases and published research may provide such information, but there is a lack of systematic methods and tools guiding this procedure. The present work describes and assesses an information retrieval methodology that is part of a proposed retrieval and extraction cycle addressing this problem. Two query construction methods for sampling academic databases are proposed, assessed and compared. Departing from a seed corpus of a limited number of papers, Scopus® is used as an academic database to retrieve literature containing information associated with pyrolysis processes of waste plastic. It is found that, with minimal human intervention, the methodology is able to return a ranked list of candidate documents that have a considerable (linguistic) relevance.A hybrid model coupling Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) and conventional bio-processes for the removal of recalcitrant contaminants in wastewatersNasr Esfahani, KouroshPérez Moya, MontserratGraells Sobré, Moisèshttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/3530872021-10-10T21:28:34Z2021-10-06T07:48:42ZA hybrid model coupling Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) and conventional bio-processes for the removal of recalcitrant contaminants in wastewaters
Nasr Esfahani, Kourosh; Pérez Moya, Montserrat; Graells Sobré, Moisès
The combined use of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) and conventional bio-processes has been suggested for the efficient treatment of wastewaters with a significant presence of recalcitrant contaminants. However, no models have been proposed to describe such combined processes, which prevents further design and operational optimization. Thus, by combining models previously reported this work contributes a first model integrating AOPs and bio-processes. Mass balances were reformulated by consistently linking the variables used in each model. The model was implemented using Simulink® and it was tested and analyzed using several process configurations (photo-Fenton processes followed by a biological treatment as well as a biological treatment followed by a photo-Fenton process). The outlet concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC) and substrate (S) were monitored for various wastewater compositions, which allowed analyzing the performance of the integrated system and suggesting suitable treatment arrangements. Different treatment options were discussed and the capability of the integrated bio/AOP and AOP/bio models was shown to allow a systematic approach to design, operation, and control of integrated wastewater treatment plants in the future. Further research will be oriented to improve the understanding of the potential key parameters as well as their inclusion in the model.
2021-10-06T07:48:42ZNasr Esfahani, KouroshPérez Moya, MontserratGraells Sobré, MoisèsThe combined use of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) and conventional bio-processes has been suggested for the efficient treatment of wastewaters with a significant presence of recalcitrant contaminants. However, no models have been proposed to describe such combined processes, which prevents further design and operational optimization. Thus, by combining models previously reported this work contributes a first model integrating AOPs and bio-processes. Mass balances were reformulated by consistently linking the variables used in each model. The model was implemented using Simulink® and it was tested and analyzed using several process configurations (photo-Fenton processes followed by a biological treatment as well as a biological treatment followed by a photo-Fenton process). The outlet concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC) and substrate (S) were monitored for various wastewater compositions, which allowed analyzing the performance of the integrated system and suggesting suitable treatment arrangements. Different treatment options were discussed and the capability of the integrated bio/AOP and AOP/bio models was shown to allow a systematic approach to design, operation, and control of integrated wastewater treatment plants in the future. Further research will be oriented to improve the understanding of the potential key parameters as well as their inclusion in the model.Fixed-bed column sorption of ammonium from treated municipal wastewater using clinoptiloliteSheikh, MahdiVecino Bello, XanelReig i Amat, MònicaValderrama Angel, César AlbertoCortina Pallás, José Luíshttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/3501502023-12-31T04:48:48Z2021-07-27T10:52:56ZFixed-bed column sorption of ammonium from treated municipal wastewater using clinoptilolite
Sheikh, Mahdi; Vecino Bello, Xanel; Reig i Amat, Mònica; Valderrama Angel, César Alberto; Cortina Pallás, José Luís
The sorption of ammonium (NH4+) ion was measured in a continuous fixed-bed column via employing a granular natural zeolite (clinoptilolite). The column performances were investigated at influent flow rate of 0.22 mL/min. The experimental data were fitted to well-known sorption models, namely Thomas and Yoon–Nelson. The experimental and theoretical maximum capacity was 3.7±0.3 mg/g.
2021-07-27T10:52:56ZSheikh, MahdiVecino Bello, XanelReig i Amat, MònicaValderrama Angel, César AlbertoCortina Pallás, José LuísThe sorption of ammonium (NH4+) ion was measured in a continuous fixed-bed column via employing a granular natural zeolite (clinoptilolite). The column performances were investigated at influent flow rate of 0.22 mL/min. The experimental data were fitted to well-known sorption models, namely Thomas and Yoon–Nelson. The experimental and theoretical maximum capacity was 3.7±0.3 mg/g.Optimal design and planning multi resource-based energy integration in process industriesMorakabatchiankar, ShabnamMele, Fenando D.Graells Sobré, MoisèsEspuña Camarasa, Antoniohttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/3433302022-05-22T00:17:27Z2021-04-08T12:23:46ZOptimal design and planning multi resource-based energy integration in process industries
Morakabatchiankar, Shabnam; Mele, Fenando D.; Graells Sobré, Moisès; Espuña Camarasa, Antonio
Recently, process industries have experienced a significant pressure to shift from centralized energy supplying systems to the in-situ exploitation of renewable resources. Special attention has been paid to multi resource-based energy systems, a particular case of distributed generation where processing nodes include energy generation and can operate either grid-connected or isolated. This work proposes a general model to determine the optimal retrofitting of a supply chain integrating renewable energy sources under uncertain conditions and to analyze the effect of different planning horizons in the solution. The proposed mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation allows determining the best combination of available technologies that satisfies the internal energy demand of a given set of scenarios while addressing total expected cost and expected environmental impact minimization. The potential of the approach is illustrated through a case study from the sugar cane industry proposed by Mele et al. (2011).
2021-04-08T12:23:46ZMorakabatchiankar, ShabnamMele, Fenando D.Graells Sobré, MoisèsEspuña Camarasa, AntonioRecently, process industries have experienced a significant pressure to shift from centralized energy supplying systems to the in-situ exploitation of renewable resources. Special attention has been paid to multi resource-based energy systems, a particular case of distributed generation where processing nodes include energy generation and can operate either grid-connected or isolated. This work proposes a general model to determine the optimal retrofitting of a supply chain integrating renewable energy sources under uncertain conditions and to analyze the effect of different planning horizons in the solution. The proposed mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation allows determining the best combination of available technologies that satisfies the internal energy demand of a given set of scenarios while addressing total expected cost and expected environmental impact minimization. The potential of the approach is illustrated through a case study from the sugar cane industry proposed by Mele et al. (2011).