Capítols de llibrehttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/1175992024-03-28T10:11:01Z2024-03-28T10:11:01ZReliability of shear strength models for fibre reinforced concrete members without shear reinforcementTošić, NikolaBairán García, Jesús MiguelFuente Antequera, Albert de lahttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/3820572023-02-02T20:30:14Z2023-02-02T20:20:30ZReliability of shear strength models for fibre reinforced concrete members without shear reinforcement
Tošić, Nikola; Bairán García, Jesús Miguel; Fuente Antequera, Albert de la
The scope and amount of fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) structural applications have seen significant increases. This means that safe and reliable ultimate limit state (ULS) models are necessary for FRC structural members. Among these, shear strength of FRC members without shear reinforcement is highly important due to the brittleness of shear failure. Because of this, the fib Model Code 2010 introduced two shear strength models: an empirical model based on Eurocode 2 and a physical model based on the Modified Compression Field Theory. However, a comprehensive reliability assessment of these models has been lacking. Therefore, in this study, the safety format of these models is assessed and the partial safety factors for FRC in shear, ¿c and ¿F are updated. As a first step, a large database of experimental results on FRC beams is used to determine model uncertainties. Following this, a comprehensive parametric probabilistic analysis is performed using the First Order Reliability Method to determine the adequate values of ¿c for different target reliability indices ß. The results of this study show that in order to reach typical reliability indices used in ULS design, ¿c and ¿F values need to be increased for FRC members without shear reinforcement for both models proposed by the fib Model Code 2010.
2023-02-02T20:20:30ZTošić, NikolaBairán García, Jesús MiguelFuente Antequera, Albert de laThe scope and amount of fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) structural applications have seen significant increases. This means that safe and reliable ultimate limit state (ULS) models are necessary for FRC structural members. Among these, shear strength of FRC members without shear reinforcement is highly important due to the brittleness of shear failure. Because of this, the fib Model Code 2010 introduced two shear strength models: an empirical model based on Eurocode 2 and a physical model based on the Modified Compression Field Theory. However, a comprehensive reliability assessment of these models has been lacking. Therefore, in this study, the safety format of these models is assessed and the partial safety factors for FRC in shear, ¿c and ¿F are updated. As a first step, a large database of experimental results on FRC beams is used to determine model uncertainties. Following this, a comprehensive parametric probabilistic analysis is performed using the First Order Reliability Method to determine the adequate values of ¿c for different target reliability indices ß. The results of this study show that in order to reach typical reliability indices used in ULS design, ¿c and ¿F values need to be increased for FRC members without shear reinforcement for both models proposed by the fib Model Code 2010.Short and long term behaviour of polypropylene fibre reinforced concrete beams with minimum steel reinforcementTošić, NikolaFuente Antequera, Albert de lahttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/3820562023-02-02T20:20:10Z2023-02-02T20:14:39ZShort and long term behaviour of polypropylene fibre reinforced concrete beams with minimum steel reinforcement
Tošić, Nikola; Fuente Antequera, Albert de la
Fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) has quickly become an attractive solution for increasing both the mechanical performance and sustainability of concrete structures. In particular, polymeric fibres are increasingly recognized as offering significant benefits for FRC structural applications, especially in areas such as durability. Nonetheless, the behaviour of such FRC remains to be fully understood, especially from the perspective of long-term effects such as shrinkage and creep. Therefore, in this study, a comprehensive experimental programme is carried out for short- and long-term characterization of polypropylene FRC (PPFRC). The experimental program consisted of producing concretes C40/50 with 0, 3 and 9 kg/m3 of polypropylene fibres. Besides specimens for testing mechanical properties, shrinkage and creep in compression and under bending were tested. Finally, full-scale 3–m span beams with minimum steel reinforcement (0.18%) were tested until failure and under sustained loads. The results are analysed and the contribution of polypropylene fibres to reducing deflections and crack widths is assessed, with no evidence of local flexural failures due to tertiary creep phenomena. The results of this study can provide a contribution towards a fuller understanding of PPFRC structural behaviour and its future incorporation into design codes.
2023-02-02T20:14:39ZTošić, NikolaFuente Antequera, Albert de laFibre reinforced concrete (FRC) has quickly become an attractive solution for increasing both the mechanical performance and sustainability of concrete structures. In particular, polymeric fibres are increasingly recognized as offering significant benefits for FRC structural applications, especially in areas such as durability. Nonetheless, the behaviour of such FRC remains to be fully understood, especially from the perspective of long-term effects such as shrinkage and creep. Therefore, in this study, a comprehensive experimental programme is carried out for short- and long-term characterization of polypropylene FRC (PPFRC). The experimental program consisted of producing concretes C40/50 with 0, 3 and 9 kg/m3 of polypropylene fibres. Besides specimens for testing mechanical properties, shrinkage and creep in compression and under bending were tested. Finally, full-scale 3–m span beams with minimum steel reinforcement (0.18%) were tested until failure and under sustained loads. The results are analysed and the contribution of polypropylene fibres to reducing deflections and crack widths is assessed, with no evidence of local flexural failures due to tertiary creep phenomena. The results of this study can provide a contribution towards a fuller understanding of PPFRC structural behaviour and its future incorporation into design codes.Self-compacting steel fibre reinforced concrete: material characterization and real scale test up to failure of a pile supported flat slabAidarov, StanislavMena Sebastià, FranciscoFuente Antequera, Albert de lahttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/3670422022-05-06T14:40:29Z2022-05-06T14:36:09ZSelf-compacting steel fibre reinforced concrete: material characterization and real scale test up to failure of a pile supported flat slab
Aidarov, Stanislav; Mena Sebastià, Francisco; Fuente Antequera, Albert de la
Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) is increasingly being used in the construction industry providing structural, technological and economic benefits. However, this relatively new material has not demonstrated its full potential due to presence of certain aspects related to both concrete mix and structural design that should be further investigated. Specifically, pile-supported flat slabs is an interesting field of application of the SFRC; however, there are still aspects needing attention and solutions in order to make this structural application more attractive from both economic and technical points of view, these being (among others): the effect of new types of fibres on material properties and more insight regarding the structural capacity at both serviceability and ultimate limit state. Complementing the existing knowledge in aforementioned areas might lead to considerable expansion of SFRC application in elements with high structural responsibility. To this end, an extensive experimental program was carried out within the industrial-oriented project eFIB that contained characterization of 15 concrete mixes with different fibre types and its content (up to 120 kg/m3) and construction of 10×12 m SFRC flat slab. This prototype was loaded in different stages with permanent and life-loads in order to study both cracking and time deformation responses; the structure was eventually led to failure. The results of the described research are presented and discussed herein.
2022-05-06T14:36:09ZAidarov, StanislavMena Sebastià, FranciscoFuente Antequera, Albert de laSteel Fibre Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) is increasingly being used in the construction industry providing structural, technological and economic benefits. However, this relatively new material has not demonstrated its full potential due to presence of certain aspects related to both concrete mix and structural design that should be further investigated. Specifically, pile-supported flat slabs is an interesting field of application of the SFRC; however, there are still aspects needing attention and solutions in order to make this structural application more attractive from both economic and technical points of view, these being (among others): the effect of new types of fibres on material properties and more insight regarding the structural capacity at both serviceability and ultimate limit state. Complementing the existing knowledge in aforementioned areas might lead to considerable expansion of SFRC application in elements with high structural responsibility. To this end, an extensive experimental program was carried out within the industrial-oriented project eFIB that contained characterization of 15 concrete mixes with different fibre types and its content (up to 120 kg/m3) and construction of 10×12 m SFRC flat slab. This prototype was loaded in different stages with permanent and life-loads in order to study both cracking and time deformation responses; the structure was eventually led to failure. The results of the described research are presented and discussed herein.A new sustainability assessment method for façade cladding panels: a case study of fiber/textile reinforced cement sheetsSadrolodabaee, PayamHosseini, Seyed Mohammad AminArdanuy Raso, MònicaClaramunt Blanes, JosepFuente Antequera, Albert de lahttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/3670402024-01-28T07:36:22Z2022-05-06T14:31:36ZA new sustainability assessment method for façade cladding panels: a case study of fiber/textile reinforced cement sheets
Sadrolodabaee, Payam; Hosseini, Seyed Mohammad Amin; Ardanuy Raso, Mònica; Claramunt Blanes, Josep; Fuente Antequera, Albert de la
As the building sector is one of the leading responsible for energy consumption and CO2 emissions, criteria of sustainability, availability, and recyclability should be considered for developing materials even in the envelopes. Façade, as the first element against the undesirable external impact, may contribute to building sustainability by reducing the amount of energy consumption and providing indoor environment quality for the inhabitants. The envelope excluding its aesthetic function should fulfill certain requirements such as strength, flexibility, ductility, lightness, thermal and acoustical insulation, durability, and sustainability. Fiber/Textile cement sheets as an interesting architectural material attract great interest during the last decade, especially those reinforced with more sustainable fibers like vegetables or textile wastes. In this sense, this paper presents a novel model to evaluate the sustainability index of façade cladding panel, especially the fiber/textile cement board. To this end, a new model for assessing objectively the façade cladding sustainability was designed and developed based on MIVES according to the value function concept and seminars of experts.
2022-05-06T14:31:36ZSadrolodabaee, PayamHosseini, Seyed Mohammad AminArdanuy Raso, MònicaClaramunt Blanes, JosepFuente Antequera, Albert de laAs the building sector is one of the leading responsible for energy consumption and CO2 emissions, criteria of sustainability, availability, and recyclability should be considered for developing materials even in the envelopes. Façade, as the first element against the undesirable external impact, may contribute to building sustainability by reducing the amount of energy consumption and providing indoor environment quality for the inhabitants. The envelope excluding its aesthetic function should fulfill certain requirements such as strength, flexibility, ductility, lightness, thermal and acoustical insulation, durability, and sustainability. Fiber/Textile cement sheets as an interesting architectural material attract great interest during the last decade, especially those reinforced with more sustainable fibers like vegetables or textile wastes. In this sense, this paper presents a novel model to evaluate the sustainability index of façade cladding panel, especially the fiber/textile cement board. To this end, a new model for assessing objectively the façade cladding sustainability was designed and developed based on MIVES according to the value function concept and seminars of experts.Elevated steel fibre reinforced concrete slabs and the hybrid alternative: design approach and parametric study at ultimate limit stateAidarov, StanislavSutera, LucaValerio, ManuelaFuente Antequera, Albert de lahttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/3670122022-05-06T12:50:25Z2022-05-06T12:41:15ZElevated steel fibre reinforced concrete slabs and the hybrid alternative: design approach and parametric study at ultimate limit state
Aidarov, Stanislav; Sutera, Luca; Valerio, Manuela; Fuente Antequera, Albert de la
Application of Fibre Reinforced Concrete (FRC) in pile supported flat slabs is definitely challenge in term of a structural application of this material. Possible substitution of traditional reinforcement by steel fibres in the concrete mix drew attention of researchers due to clear benefits that could be provided by this technological alternative. This statement has been already proven by existing examples, in which during the construction, the optimization of resources, reduction of execution time and required labor force was highlighted. Nevertheless, considering the knowledge base associated with structural behaviour of FRC, it has been confirmed that hybrid solutions consisting in FRC with a moderate residual flexural tensile strength combined with conventional reinforcement placed in those zones where the higher bending moments are expected can be even more attractive from the technical point of view. Taking into account the abovementioned, the potential application of Hybrid Reinforced Concrete (HRC) for elevated slabs was studied. By modifying the ratio fibre/rebar content for different structural geometries, a parametric study was carried out in order to evaluate various solutions in terms of structural capacity in accordance with the requirements of Ultimate Limit State
2022-05-06T12:41:15ZAidarov, StanislavSutera, LucaValerio, ManuelaFuente Antequera, Albert de laApplication of Fibre Reinforced Concrete (FRC) in pile supported flat slabs is definitely challenge in term of a structural application of this material. Possible substitution of traditional reinforcement by steel fibres in the concrete mix drew attention of researchers due to clear benefits that could be provided by this technological alternative. This statement has been already proven by existing examples, in which during the construction, the optimization of resources, reduction of execution time and required labor force was highlighted. Nevertheless, considering the knowledge base associated with structural behaviour of FRC, it has been confirmed that hybrid solutions consisting in FRC with a moderate residual flexural tensile strength combined with conventional reinforcement placed in those zones where the higher bending moments are expected can be even more attractive from the technical point of view. Taking into account the abovementioned, the potential application of Hybrid Reinforced Concrete (HRC) for elevated slabs was studied. By modifying the ratio fibre/rebar content for different structural geometries, a parametric study was carried out in order to evaluate various solutions in terms of structural capacity in accordance with the requirements of Ultimate Limit StateBridge damage detection and quantification under environmental effects by principal component analysisTenelema Muñoz, Fernando JosuéDelgadillo Ayala, Rick MiltonCasas Rius, Joan Ramonhttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/3583962022-05-08T02:23:15Z2021-12-14T15:38:22ZBridge damage detection and quantification under environmental effects by principal component analysis
Tenelema Muñoz, Fernando Josué; Delgadillo Ayala, Rick Milton; Casas Rius, Joan Ramon
Monitoring structural damage is widely used for sustaining and preserving the service life in civil structures, especially in bridges. The influence of environmental variability like temperature affects the dynamic behavior, which can mask subtler structural changes caused by damage. The direct application of vibration-based damage detection methods to measured responses without a prior treatment of the ambient data may lead to false condition assessments. In this article, the main objective is to separate the structural damage conditions from the changes caused by the environmental effects in a numerical benchmark bridge. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is applied to decide if the change in vibration characteristics is due to environmental effects or structural damages. The proposed approach in the use of PCA not only allows to detect the damage without the requirement of the baseline to consist of damage sensitivity features obtained from a wide range of environmental conditions, but also serves as a measure for its quantification. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed methodology is applied to a benchmark bridge structure generated as part of COST Action TU1402 on quantifying the value of information (VoI) in SHM. The benchmark model consisted of a two-span steel bridge under environmental effects, in which two levels of damage were introduced.
The final authenticated version is
available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91877-4_22.
2021-12-14T15:38:22ZTenelema Muñoz, Fernando JosuéDelgadillo Ayala, Rick MiltonCasas Rius, Joan RamonMonitoring structural damage is widely used for sustaining and preserving the service life in civil structures, especially in bridges. The influence of environmental variability like temperature affects the dynamic behavior, which can mask subtler structural changes caused by damage. The direct application of vibration-based damage detection methods to measured responses without a prior treatment of the ambient data may lead to false condition assessments. In this article, the main objective is to separate the structural damage conditions from the changes caused by the environmental effects in a numerical benchmark bridge. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is applied to decide if the change in vibration characteristics is due to environmental effects or structural damages. The proposed approach in the use of PCA not only allows to detect the damage without the requirement of the baseline to consist of damage sensitivity features obtained from a wide range of environmental conditions, but also serves as a measure for its quantification. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed methodology is applied to a benchmark bridge structure generated as part of COST Action TU1402 on quantifying the value of information (VoI) in SHM. The benchmark model consisted of a two-span steel bridge under environmental effects, in which two levels of damage were introduced.Performance of blended cements with limestone filler and illitic calcined clay immediately exposed to sulfate environmentRosetti, AgustínIkumi Montserrat, TaiSegura Pérez, IgnacioIrassar, Egardo Fabiánhttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/1858342020-10-09T10:49:01Z2020-04-29T16:58:40ZPerformance of blended cements with limestone filler and illitic calcined clay immediately exposed to sulfate environment
Rosetti, Agustín; Ikumi Montserrat, Tai; Segura Pérez, Ignacio; Irassar, Egardo Fabián
The use of ternary blended cements with limestone filler and calcined clays can improve the durability of concrete structures exposed to aggressive environments and extend their service life. In sulfate-rich environments, the effects of supplementary cementitious materials depend on the replacement level and the progress of hydration. Low level of limestone filler contributes to the stabilization of AFt due to formation of monocarboaluminate. However, high replacement increases the effective w/c ratio and the capillary porosity, favoring the sulfate penetration. The use of active pozzolans improves sulfate resistance by reducing portlandite content and the permeability, which minimize ettringite and gypsum formation and sulfate penetration. It is generally assumed that curing prior to sulfate exposure should be extended to allow the pozzolanic reaction to progress. It is currently uncertain the effectiveness of calcined clay in combination with limestone filler when the cement is exposed immediately to aggressive environments. Typical structures affected by sulfate attack are commonly built in situ, thus being exposed to the aggressive environment since casting. This paper analyzes external sulfate attack of blended cements with 30% replacement by combinations of limestone filler and/or calcined clay exposed to Na2SO4 solution at two days after casting. For that, expansions, mass variation, visual appearance and compressive strength are monitored in mortars and pastes during 6 months. The evolution of microstructure was evaluated with XRD. Despite the lack of curing prior to sulfate exposure, cement with calcined clay showed an excellent resistance to external sulfate attack, while limestone cements presented a worse performance.
2020-04-29T16:58:40ZRosetti, AgustínIkumi Montserrat, TaiSegura Pérez, IgnacioIrassar, Egardo FabiánThe use of ternary blended cements with limestone filler and calcined clays can improve the durability of concrete structures exposed to aggressive environments and extend their service life. In sulfate-rich environments, the effects of supplementary cementitious materials depend on the replacement level and the progress of hydration. Low level of limestone filler contributes to the stabilization of AFt due to formation of monocarboaluminate. However, high replacement increases the effective w/c ratio and the capillary porosity, favoring the sulfate penetration. The use of active pozzolans improves sulfate resistance by reducing portlandite content and the permeability, which minimize ettringite and gypsum formation and sulfate penetration. It is generally assumed that curing prior to sulfate exposure should be extended to allow the pozzolanic reaction to progress. It is currently uncertain the effectiveness of calcined clay in combination with limestone filler when the cement is exposed immediately to aggressive environments. Typical structures affected by sulfate attack are commonly built in situ, thus being exposed to the aggressive environment since casting. This paper analyzes external sulfate attack of blended cements with 30% replacement by combinations of limestone filler and/or calcined clay exposed to Na2SO4 solution at two days after casting. For that, expansions, mass variation, visual appearance and compressive strength are monitored in mortars and pastes during 6 months. The evolution of microstructure was evaluated with XRD. Despite the lack of curing prior to sulfate exposure, cement with calcined clay showed an excellent resistance to external sulfate attack, while limestone cements presented a worse performance.Simplified probabilistic model for maximum traffic load from weigh-in-motion dataSoriano Ibáñez, MiguelCasas Rius, Joan RamonGhosn, Michelhttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/1682832020-07-23T21:39:25Z2019-09-16T22:43:19ZSimplified probabilistic model for maximum traffic load from weigh-in-motion data
Soriano Ibáñez, Miguel; Casas Rius, Joan Ramon; Ghosn, Michel
This paper reviews the simplified procedure proposed by Ghosn and Sivakumar to model the maximum expected traffic load effect on highway bridges and illustrates the methodology using a set of Weigh-In-Motion (WIM) data collected on one site in the U.S. The paper compares different approaches for implementing the procedure and explores the effects of limitations in the sitespecific data on the projected maximum live load effect for different bridge service lives. A sensitivity analysis is carried out on the most representative variables involved in the WIM data collection and calculation of the maximum load effect. The procedure is implemented on a set of WIM data collected in
Slovenia to study the maximum load effect on existing Slovenian highway bridges and how it compares with the values obtained from the Eurocode of actions.
2019-09-16T22:43:19ZSoriano Ibáñez, MiguelCasas Rius, Joan RamonGhosn, MichelThis paper reviews the simplified procedure proposed by Ghosn and Sivakumar to model the maximum expected traffic load effect on highway bridges and illustrates the methodology using a set of Weigh-In-Motion (WIM) data collected on one site in the U.S. The paper compares different approaches for implementing the procedure and explores the effects of limitations in the sitespecific data on the projected maximum live load effect for different bridge service lives. A sensitivity analysis is carried out on the most representative variables involved in the WIM data collection and calculation of the maximum load effect. The procedure is implemented on a set of WIM data collected in
Slovenia to study the maximum load effect on existing Slovenian highway bridges and how it compares with the values obtained from the Eurocode of actions.Quality specifications for roadway bridges: standardization at a European levelCasas Rius, Joan RamonMatos, Jose C.http://hdl.handle.net/2117/1681132020-07-23T23:22:00Z2019-09-10T15:16:53ZQuality specifications for roadway bridges: standardization at a European level
Casas Rius, Joan Ramon; Matos, Jose C.
Across Europe, the need to manage roadway bridges efficiently led to the development of multiple management systems in different countries. Despite presenting similar architectural frameworks, there are relevant differences among them regarding condition assessment procedures, performance goals and others. Therefore, although existing a complete freedom of traffic between countries, this dissimilarity constitutes a divergent mechanism that has direct interference in the decision making process leading to considerable variations in the quality of roadway bridges from country to country. The need for harmonization is evident. Action TU1406, funded by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology), aims to institute a standardized roadway bridges condition assessment procedure as well as common quality specifications (performance goals). Such purpose requires the establishment of recommendations for the quantification of performance indicators, the definition of performance goals and a guideline for the standardization of quality control plans for bridges. By developing new approaches to quantify and assess bridge performance, as well as quality specifications to assure expected performance levels, bridge management strategies will be significantly improved and harmonized, enhancing asset management of ageing structures in Europe. The work developed and the final results and conclusions achieved by COST Action TU1406 will be presented.
2019-09-10T15:16:53ZCasas Rius, Joan RamonMatos, Jose C.Across Europe, the need to manage roadway bridges efficiently led to the development of multiple management systems in different countries. Despite presenting similar architectural frameworks, there are relevant differences among them regarding condition assessment procedures, performance goals and others. Therefore, although existing a complete freedom of traffic between countries, this dissimilarity constitutes a divergent mechanism that has direct interference in the decision making process leading to considerable variations in the quality of roadway bridges from country to country. The need for harmonization is evident. Action TU1406, funded by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology), aims to institute a standardized roadway bridges condition assessment procedure as well as common quality specifications (performance goals). Such purpose requires the establishment of recommendations for the quantification of performance indicators, the definition of performance goals and a guideline for the standardization of quality control plans for bridges. By developing new approaches to quantify and assess bridge performance, as well as quality specifications to assure expected performance levels, bridge management strategies will be significantly improved and harmonized, enhancing asset management of ageing structures in Europe. The work developed and the final results and conclusions achieved by COST Action TU1406 will be presented.Fiber optics for load testingCasas Rius, Joan RamonBarrias, Antonio Jose de SousaRodríguez, GerardoVillalba Herrero, Sergihttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/1662452020-07-23T23:10:40Z2019-07-16T06:58:34ZFiber optics for load testing
Casas Rius, Joan Ramon; Barrias, Antonio Jose de Sousa; Rodríguez, Gerardo; Villalba Herrero, Sergi
This chapter presents the application of fiber optic sensor technology in the monitoring of a load test. First, the description of the fiber optic technology is described with main emphasis in the case of distributed optical fiber sensors (DOFS), which have the potential of measuring strain and temperature along the fiber with different length and accuracy ranges. After that, two laboratory tests in reinforced and prestressed concrete specimens show the feasibility of using this technique for the detection, localization, and quantification of bending and shear cracking. Finally, the technique is applied to two real prestressed concrete bridges: in the first case, during the execution of a diagnostic load test; and in the second case, for the continuous time and space monitoring of a bridge subjected to a rehabilitation work. These experiences show the potential of this advanced monitoring technique when deployed in a load test.
2019-07-16T06:58:34ZCasas Rius, Joan RamonBarrias, Antonio Jose de SousaRodríguez, GerardoVillalba Herrero, SergiThis chapter presents the application of fiber optic sensor technology in the monitoring of a load test. First, the description of the fiber optic technology is described with main emphasis in the case of distributed optical fiber sensors (DOFS), which have the potential of measuring strain and temperature along the fiber with different length and accuracy ranges. After that, two laboratory tests in reinforced and prestressed concrete specimens show the feasibility of using this technique for the detection, localization, and quantification of bending and shear cracking. Finally, the technique is applied to two real prestressed concrete bridges: in the first case, during the execution of a diagnostic load test; and in the second case, for the continuous time and space monitoring of a bridge subjected to a rehabilitation work. These experiences show the potential of this advanced monitoring technique when deployed in a load test.