Power system modeling tools for sustainable development: a review

Abstract

The green growth paradigm aims to harmonize economic growth with environmental sustainability. Electricity is essential for economic development, and if its associated carbon emissions are sufficiently low, it is a key enabler of green growth and sustainable development. Zambia, a developing country, had only 32.5% of households with access to electricity in 2022. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of power system modeling tools applicable in Zambia and evaluates the ongoing and completed power system modeling initiatives in the Zambian energy space. The study discusses the key features, applicability, and relevance of various modeling tools, including PyPSA-Earth, OSeMOSYS, MAED, MESSAGE, and WASP. Findings indicate that while many tools are available, the selection and adaptation of these tools are crucial for addressing the specific challenges in Zambia's power system. This paper aims to support the strategic planning necessary to achieve a sustainable low-carbon energy transition in Zambia.