Two cases of massive sulphate attack to cement treated embankments and track bases in a high speed railway line are described. In the first case, two large access embankments to a railway viaduct were treated with jet–grouting ...

The alkali-aggregate reaction and the internal sulfate attack are two chemical reactions that lead to expansions in concrete structures. The former is one of the main causes of expansions in concrete dams and has been ...

Rocks containing pyrrhotite bands are sometimes used to produce concrete. These rocks oxidize and produce long-term expansive reactions that damage concrete structures, leading to important economic and risk related ...

Concrete core samples extracted from different areas of the Mequinenza Dam (Spain) have been studied and expansive reactions affecting the structure were not found. However, expansive reactions in the concrete of certain ...

Unit mass transfer operations gather lots of different techniques to separate compounds. These, are based on the exploiment of different physical and chemical properties of the compounds involved. One of these operations ...

Gran parte de construcciones históricas importantes se encuentran en el centro de grandes ciudades, y en ocasiones próximas a la industria y por ello en contacto con áreas que presentan una atmósfera rica en sulfatos, ...