This paper introduces a low complexity implementation of the voltage balancing sorting algorithm to reduce the switching frequency of the power devices in modular multilevel converters (MMCs). Two modulation techniques are ...

This letter proposes a phase-locked loop (PLL) able to operate as an independent single-phase PLL in the context of three-phase systems. Its key advantage is that the extracted information allows the independent control ...

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is one of the most promising converter topologies for high-voltage applications, especially for high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission systems. One of the most challenging ...

This paper discusses a grid-connected energy storage system based on two three-level (3L) converters: a DC-DC one and a neutral-point-clamped inverter. When compared to a system using standard two-level converters, the ...

This paper studies different circulating current references for the modular multilevel converter. The circulating current references are obtained from the instantaneous values of the output current and modulation signal ...

This paper reports a comparison study of different carrier-based PWM techniques applied to the modular multilevel converter. Phase-disposition PWM (PD-PWM) and phase-shifted pulse-width modulation (PS-PWM) with non-interleaving ...

Connecting legs in parallel in a voltage source inverter is a way to increase the output current and, thus, its rated power. The connection can be made using either coupled or uncoupled inductors, and achieving an even ...

The Wells turbine is a bidirectional air turbine which operates efficiently over a restricted range of air flow. The optimization of its efficiency requires control of rotational velocity in order to maintain the ratio ...

This paper presents a generalized pulse width modulation (PWM)-based control algorithm for multiphase neutral-point-clamped (NPC) converters. The proposed algorithm provides a zero sequence to be added to the reference ...