This paper introduces a low complexity implementation of the voltage balancing sorting algorithm to reduce the switching frequency of the power devices in modular multilevel converters (MMCs). Two modulation techniques are ...

In this paper, we review electronic design free software tools. We have searched open source programs that help with several tasks of the electronic design flow: analog and digital simulation, schematic capture, printed ...

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is based on the cascaded connection of identical submodules (SMs) enabling additional redundancies. This paper proposes the configuration of the MMC topology with redundant SMs and ...

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is one of the most promising converter topologies for high-voltage applications, especially for high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission systems. One of the most challenging ...

This paper discusses a grid-connected energy storage system based on two three-level (3L) converters: a DC-DC one and a neutral-point-clamped inverter. When compared to a system using standard two-level converters, the ...

This paper studies different circulating current references for the modular multilevel converter. The circulating current references are obtained from the instantaneous values of the output current and modulation signal ...

This paper reports a comparison study of different carrier-based PWM techniques applied to the modular multilevel converter. Phase-disposition PWM (PD-PWM) and phase-shifted pulse-width modulation (PS-PWM) with non-interleaving ...

Among the main control targets in a modular multilevel converter (MMC) is the control of the circulating currents within the phase legs of the topology. This paper presents a controller for the circulating current of the ...

Connecting legs of modular multilevel converters (MMCs) in parallel can assist an MMC-based high-voltage direct current (HVDC) to increase its current ratings and hence overall power handling capability. Consequently, each ...