A standardized and cost-effective perspiration phantom for in vitro testing is needed to replace the variable and resource consuming human tests at research level. Here, an alternative to the existing devices, which mainly ...

Many sweat-based wearable monitoring systems have been recently proposed, but the data provided by those systems often lack a reliable and meaningful relation to standardized blood values. One clear example is lactate, a ...

Skin models offer an in vitro alternative to human trials without their high costs, variability, and ethical issues. Perspiration models, in particular, have gained relevance lately due to the rise of sweat analysis and ...