Polylactide Nanofibers Loaded with Vitamin B6 and Polyphenols as a Potential Bioactive Platform for Tissue Engineering

Abstract

The electrospinning technique allows the preparation of fiber matrices in a controlled and easy way with diameters ranging from micron to nanoscale. It can produce electrospun fibers through the action of an external electric field to create an electrically charged jet of polymer solution with simultaneous rapid evaporation of the solvent which leaves a polymer fiber. Due to electrospun fibers having a large specific surface area, light weight and high porosity, they are of interests in a wide variety of applications including nanocomposites and biomedical applications such as tissue templates, medical prosthesis, and drug delivery systems. Regenerative medicine has gained recognition in the last decades because different biotechnological innovations have been introduced in the field of human medicine. Many research groups and companies invest in the production of new paradigms to cure degenerated tissue illnesses. These approaches are based on the use of biomimetic tissues to replace damaged organs. Thus, the fiber matrices have the potential to use as a scaffold for tissue engineering, also being suitable for loading and localized administration of drugs directly into the body. In the present work, it is shown a new experimental method to avoid the cellular oxidative stress provoked during the tissue replacement leading to biomaterial rejection. The objective of this research was to prepare fiber matrices by electrospinning of poly(lactide) incorporating drugs with antioxidative activity as a template for the growth of tissue. These new materials have biomedical applications, such as therapeutic treatment. The obtained fibers were well characterized by optical, scanning and transmission electronic microscopy to evaluate their morphology. Fiber structure and crystallinity were studied by X-ray diffraction and DSC techniques. Antioxidants release was carried out and analyzed in hydrophobic and hydrophilic media. Cells were attached on the loaded scaffolds, which resulted unaffected by the incorporation of the antioxidants. in the fibers. However, cells proliferation increased in fiber matrices loaded with high antioxidative activity against free radicals responsible for cell damage. These new electrospun scaffolds provide high protection of the cells against oxidative stress and resulting in innovative 3D fibrous platforms for tissue growth and proliferation.