Determination of the fuel saving measures for motorcycles

Abstract

The investigation of the consumption and emissions of vehicles has been intensified in the last years. The reasons are the limitation of fossil fuels and the increase of air pollution levels. The CO2 concentration in the atmosphere has reached record levels, specially in the large urban areas. At the beginning of the year 2012 BMW introduced two new motorcycles designed for the urban mobility into the market; the BMW C600 Sport and the BMW C650 GT. The main characteristic of the two motorcycles is the use of a CVT, which provides a good performance and comfort in the city and also on roads or highways. The scope of this thesis is the determination of fuel saving measures for the two maxi scooters. These measures have to deal with the requirements of the present days; on one hand a high efficiency in order to accomplish the CO2 standard emission limits. On the other hand a high driving performance in order to satisfy the driving pleasure of the customer. The analysis of the fuel saving measures are carried out by means of the simulation program AVL Cruise. The first main objective is the validation of the BMW C600 Sport simulation model and a later analysis of the influences of different fuel saving measures. The tests carried out for the validation are constant velocity tests, full load accelerations tests and the WMTC driving cycle. The fuel saving measures are evaluated with the WMTC standards. The saving measures tested are the start/stop system, improvements in the CVT efficiency and a reduction of the ICE friction torque. The second objective is the hybridisation of the powertrain and the study of the fuel saving potentials. The designed hybrid motorcycles are a series hybrid based on the BMW Concept e equipped with a range extender, a parallel hybrid model equipped with CVT and a parallel hybrid without CVT. The design of different batteries and engines yields a total number of nine different tested hybrid motorcycles.