Transport cost and environmental impact

Abstract

This project is a study about transport, transport costs and their effects in environment. About how the cost of transportation is a high influence of the market prices, raw materials, and several goods. All these elements are the consequence of market competition. The first point is a brief about all principals modes of transport (Air, rail, road and sea). This point shows the importance of transport, the principals characteristics about these modes of transport, advantages and inconvenients of each mode of transport. The second point talks about the types of transport costs, there are two types. The costs of collection, distribution, transshipment, and handling of goods moved within a transport network are considered as the internal costs of the network itself, they are connected with the physical moving of units between shippers and receivers. On the other hand, external costs are burdens that the distribution network imposes on society: they are often indirectly linked to the transportation activity and can be considered as demonstrated expected damages that are not paid for by the user and consequently not taken into account in the decision-making process for a certain activity. The third point is a research of a lot articles about this subject, in order to calculate internal and external costs, with some methods purpose in Scientifics papers. Furthermore a little study about Italian transport situation and calculation of internal and external cost to transporting goods for different distances. The last point is a conclusion about this work and the keys points of transportation and how it affects to environment.