Departament de Ciència i Enginyeria Nàutiques
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/514
2024-03-19T13:09:49Z
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On the characteristics of the wake of a wind turbine undergoing large motions caused by a floating structure: an insight based on experiments and multi-fidelity simulations from the OC6 project Phase III
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/404745
On the characteristics of the wake of a wind turbine undergoing large motions caused by a floating structure: an insight based on experiments and multi-fidelity simulations from the OC6 project Phase III
Cioni, Stefano; Papi, Francesco; Pagamonci, Leonardo; Bianchini, A.; Pirrung, Georg; Mancini, Simone; Trubat Casal, Pau; Molins i Borrell, Climent; Bergua, Roger; Jonkman, Jason; Robertson, Amy; Martín San Román, Raquel
This study reports the results of the second round of analyses of the Offshore Code Comparison, Collaboration, Continued, with Correlation and unCertainty (OC6) project Phase III. While the first round investigated rotor aerodynamic loading, here, focus is given to the wake behavior of a floating wind turbine under large motion. Wind tunnel experimental data from the UNsteady Aerodynamics for FLOating Wind (UNAFLOW) project are compared with the results of simulations provided by participants with methods and codes of different levels of fidelity. The effect of platform motion on both the near and the far wake is investigated. More specifically, the behavior of tip vortices in the near wake is evaluated through multiple metrics, such as streamwise position, core radius, convection velocity, and circulation. Additionally, the onset of velocity oscillations in the far wake is analyzed because this can have a negative effect on stability and loading of downstream rotors. Results in the near wake for unsteady cases confirm that simulations and experiments tend to diverge from the expected linearized quasi-steady behavior when the rotor reduced frequency increases over 0.5. Additionally, differences across the simulations become significant, suggesting that further efforts are required to tune the currently available methodologies in order to correctly evaluate the aerodynamic response of a floating wind turbine in unsteady conditions. Regarding the far wake, it is seen that, in some conditions, numerical methods overpredict the impact of platform motion on the velocity fluctuations. Moreover, results suggest that the effect of platform motion on the far wake, differently from original expectations about a faster wake recovery in a floating wind turbine, seems to be limited or even oriented to the generation of a wake less prone to dissipation.
2024-03-15T14:09:42Z
Cioni, Stefano
Papi, Francesco
Pagamonci, Leonardo
Bianchini, A.
Pirrung, Georg
Mancini, Simone
Trubat Casal, Pau
Molins i Borrell, Climent
Bergua, Roger
Jonkman, Jason
Robertson, Amy
Martín San Román, Raquel
This study reports the results of the second round of analyses of the Offshore Code Comparison, Collaboration, Continued, with Correlation and unCertainty (OC6) project Phase III. While the first round investigated rotor aerodynamic loading, here, focus is given to the wake behavior of a floating wind turbine under large motion. Wind tunnel experimental data from the UNsteady Aerodynamics for FLOating Wind (UNAFLOW) project are compared with the results of simulations provided by participants with methods and codes of different levels of fidelity. The effect of platform motion on both the near and the far wake is investigated. More specifically, the behavior of tip vortices in the near wake is evaluated through multiple metrics, such as streamwise position, core radius, convection velocity, and circulation. Additionally, the onset of velocity oscillations in the far wake is analyzed because this can have a negative effect on stability and loading of downstream rotors. Results in the near wake for unsteady cases confirm that simulations and experiments tend to diverge from the expected linearized quasi-steady behavior when the rotor reduced frequency increases over 0.5. Additionally, differences across the simulations become significant, suggesting that further efforts are required to tune the currently available methodologies in order to correctly evaluate the aerodynamic response of a floating wind turbine in unsteady conditions. Regarding the far wake, it is seen that, in some conditions, numerical methods overpredict the impact of platform motion on the velocity fluctuations. Moreover, results suggest that the effect of platform motion on the far wake, differently from original expectations about a faster wake recovery in a floating wind turbine, seems to be limited or even oriented to the generation of a wake less prone to dissipation.
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Modeling 3D transverse elasto-plastic damage of unidirectional fiber-reinforced polymer composites using a smeared crack approach
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/404635
Modeling 3D transverse elasto-plastic damage of unidirectional fiber-reinforced polymer composites using a smeared crack approach
Teixeira Goncalves, Paulo; Arteiro, Albertino; Rocha, Nuno; Otero Gruer, Fermín Enrique
This work presents a novel formulation of a 3D smeared crack model for unidirectional fiber-reinforced polymer composites based on a stress invariant approach for transverse yielding and failure initiation, and on a continuum damage approach. This formulation is developed to facilitate the implementation in an implicit solver, increasing solution robustness and computational efficiency in quasi-static and long duration analyses. The performance of the model is evaluated using monotonic and non-monotonic damage evolution, verified with single element tests to demonstrate the consistency of the proposed formulation. Additional benchmark examples regarding off-axis tension and compression tests are simulated and compared with the experimental results, showing good agreement for the plastic response, failure load and failure strain.
2024-03-14T15:26:17Z
Teixeira Goncalves, Paulo
Arteiro, Albertino
Rocha, Nuno
Otero Gruer, Fermín Enrique
This work presents a novel formulation of a 3D smeared crack model for unidirectional fiber-reinforced polymer composites based on a stress invariant approach for transverse yielding and failure initiation, and on a continuum damage approach. This formulation is developed to facilitate the implementation in an implicit solver, increasing solution robustness and computational efficiency in quasi-static and long duration analyses. The performance of the model is evaluated using monotonic and non-monotonic damage evolution, verified with single element tests to demonstrate the consistency of the proposed formulation. Additional benchmark examples regarding off-axis tension and compression tests are simulated and compared with the experimental results, showing good agreement for the plastic response, failure load and failure strain.
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Data acquisition differences between two AIS receiving antennas.
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/403056
Data acquisition differences between two AIS receiving antennas.
Mujal Colilles, Anna; Fonollosa Magrinyà, Jordi
Raw AIS messages are key to interpret the validity of AIS messages used in science for maritime spatial planning purposes. The Barcelona School of Nautical Studies has hosted two AIS antennas, storing raw messages systematically since 2019. Surprisingly, the number of received messages differs from one antenna to the other one. This manuscript aims at identifying the differences between the messages received by each antenna and the origin of these differences. Raw data from March 2023 is used and compared to meteorological variables in the range of the antennas. The older and worse located antenna seems to provide more and larger-distance messages. Results suggest there is no correlation between meteorological variables and the observed differences between antennas.
2024-02-23T14:36:16Z
Mujal Colilles, Anna
Fonollosa Magrinyà, Jordi
Raw AIS messages are key to interpret the validity of AIS messages used in science for maritime spatial planning purposes. The Barcelona School of Nautical Studies has hosted two AIS antennas, storing raw messages systematically since 2019. Surprisingly, the number of received messages differs from one antenna to the other one. This manuscript aims at identifying the differences between the messages received by each antenna and the origin of these differences. Raw data from March 2023 is used and compared to meteorological variables in the range of the antennas. The older and worse located antenna seems to provide more and larger-distance messages. Results suggest there is no correlation between meteorological variables and the observed differences between antennas.
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Data alternatives for marine efficiency monitoring
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/403044
Data alternatives for marine efficiency monitoring
van der Meer, Ruurd; Phylip Jones, Geraint; Castells Sanabra, Marcel·la; Borén Altés, Clara; Torralbo Gavilán, Jordi; Ordás Jiménez, Santiago; Kiplimo, Robert
The implementation of measures to increase the energy efficiency of ships is not so successful as expected. A benchmark is needed to gain insight in the present state of the energy efficiency of ships. That can be used to assess why these measures are less successful as expected and to develop better fitting energy efficiency legislation in the future. Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) is proposed as benchmark methodology. Ships are required to monitor their fuel consumption and/or carbon emissions on annual basis. MRV is believed to close the knowledge gap of ship specific fuel consumption, the best fitting efficiency technologies for ships, and of split incentives and responsibilities across the total sector. There is a European scheme and a global IMO scheme. The reasons why shipping lacks to implement energy efficiency seems as well apply for the implementation of MRV. Shipping argues there is a knowledge gap for the implementation of MRV. Secondly, the monitoring results will be published. That information is considered as confidential and too sensitive for third parties. This study tries to find an alternative method which serves both goals: 1. fuel consumption/carbon emissions are still fully monitored and reported because the specific maritime contribution to global warming is important to know; and 2. the direct fuel consumption/emissions are disclosed and the results have been made anonymously to meet the industry. The latter is done by searching for alternative methods, proxies, parameters which deliver information about fuel consumptions emissions, but which do not directly link to a vessel or present direct information of the fuel consumption. Based on 1. the identification of parameters which are monitored on board presently; 2. making an inventory of methods to calculate fuel consumption and/or CO 2 emissions; and 3. evaluation of which parameters sensitivity and/or anonymizing apply using existing monitored parameters two alternative methods for MRV monitoring seem to meet both objectives. The method of using on-board monitoring devices is a method which has the potential of qualifying with the objectives of less sensibility and more anonymity. The potential of this method lies in the way that it can determine the efficiency of ships. And efficiency can be shared as function of energy labels which present ranges of efficiencies and thus less sensible data is shared. Emission modelling could also be an alternative. Ship fuel consumption/fuel consumption is monitored via AIS and models. Subsequently, the results are brought to the vessels. The model results are verified by the ships. If the results are in the same order of magnitude, the modelling results will be published and become available to the market. The specific information will be shared confidentially to the relevant authorities. A list of questions is developed as tool to evaluate the potential of alternative MRV methods. Developers are able to proof with help of the list of questions their method is feasible to use as MRV method. Ship owners might want to develop their own way of monitoring. This list question might close their knowledge gap around MRV.
2024-02-23T13:12:39Z
van der Meer, Ruurd
Phylip Jones, Geraint
Castells Sanabra, Marcel·la
Borén Altés, Clara
Torralbo Gavilán, Jordi
Ordás Jiménez, Santiago
Kiplimo, Robert
The implementation of measures to increase the energy efficiency of ships is not so successful as expected. A benchmark is needed to gain insight in the present state of the energy efficiency of ships. That can be used to assess why these measures are less successful as expected and to develop better fitting energy efficiency legislation in the future. Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) is proposed as benchmark methodology. Ships are required to monitor their fuel consumption and/or carbon emissions on annual basis. MRV is believed to close the knowledge gap of ship specific fuel consumption, the best fitting efficiency technologies for ships, and of split incentives and responsibilities across the total sector. There is a European scheme and a global IMO scheme. The reasons why shipping lacks to implement energy efficiency seems as well apply for the implementation of MRV. Shipping argues there is a knowledge gap for the implementation of MRV. Secondly, the monitoring results will be published. That information is considered as confidential and too sensitive for third parties. This study tries to find an alternative method which serves both goals: 1. fuel consumption/carbon emissions are still fully monitored and reported because the specific maritime contribution to global warming is important to know; and 2. the direct fuel consumption/emissions are disclosed and the results have been made anonymously to meet the industry. The latter is done by searching for alternative methods, proxies, parameters which deliver information about fuel consumptions emissions, but which do not directly link to a vessel or present direct information of the fuel consumption. Based on 1. the identification of parameters which are monitored on board presently; 2. making an inventory of methods to calculate fuel consumption and/or CO 2 emissions; and 3. evaluation of which parameters sensitivity and/or anonymizing apply using existing monitored parameters two alternative methods for MRV monitoring seem to meet both objectives. The method of using on-board monitoring devices is a method which has the potential of qualifying with the objectives of less sensibility and more anonymity. The potential of this method lies in the way that it can determine the efficiency of ships. And efficiency can be shared as function of energy labels which present ranges of efficiencies and thus less sensible data is shared. Emission modelling could also be an alternative. Ship fuel consumption/fuel consumption is monitored via AIS and models. Subsequently, the results are brought to the vessels. The model results are verified by the ships. If the results are in the same order of magnitude, the modelling results will be published and become available to the market. The specific information will be shared confidentially to the relevant authorities. A list of questions is developed as tool to evaluate the potential of alternative MRV methods. Developers are able to proof with help of the list of questions their method is feasible to use as MRV method. Ship owners might want to develop their own way of monitoring. This list question might close their knowledge gap around MRV.
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An enhanced constitutive model to predict plastic deformation and multiple failure mechanisms in fibre-reinforced polymer composite materials
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/402044
An enhanced constitutive model to predict plastic deformation and multiple failure mechanisms in fibre-reinforced polymer composite materials
Ruiz Cózar, Ivan; Otero Gruer, Fermín Enrique; Maimi, Pere; González Juan, Emilio Vicente; Turon Travessa, Albert; Camanho, Pedro P.
Spurious damage modes in continuum damage mechanics models for fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials based on the effective stress tensor can be generated when large strains occur. A methodology to prevent this spurious phenomenon is developed in the present work. The longitudinal damage activation functions are based on the effective stress tensor, however, nominal stresses are used on the transverse damage activation functions. The proposed method can be straightforwardly implemented on previously-developed constitutive models which use the effective stress tensor, an explicit implementation of the proposed constitutive model is presented. The enhancement of the predicted failure mechanisms obtained from the present constitutive model, with respect to the models which use the effective stress tensor, is demonstrated. The proposed constitutive model presents a good agreement of the predicted failure pattern obtained from open-hole compressive experimental tests, as well as on the predicted failure strength.
2024-02-15T15:37:48Z
Ruiz Cózar, Ivan
Otero Gruer, Fermín Enrique
Maimi, Pere
González Juan, Emilio Vicente
Turon Travessa, Albert
Camanho, Pedro P.
Spurious damage modes in continuum damage mechanics models for fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials based on the effective stress tensor can be generated when large strains occur. A methodology to prevent this spurious phenomenon is developed in the present work. The longitudinal damage activation functions are based on the effective stress tensor, however, nominal stresses are used on the transverse damage activation functions. The proposed method can be straightforwardly implemented on previously-developed constitutive models which use the effective stress tensor, an explicit implementation of the proposed constitutive model is presented. The enhancement of the predicted failure mechanisms obtained from the present constitutive model, with respect to the models which use the effective stress tensor, is demonstrated. The proposed constitutive model presents a good agreement of the predicted failure pattern obtained from open-hole compressive experimental tests, as well as on the predicted failure strength.
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A novel methodology to measure the transverse Poisson's ratio in the elastic and plastic regions for composite materials
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/401105
A novel methodology to measure the transverse Poisson's ratio in the elastic and plastic regions for composite materials
Ruiz Cózar, Ivan; Arbeláez Toro, Juan Jose; Maimi, Pere; Otero Gruer, Fermín Enrique; González Juan, Emilio Vicente; Turon Travessa, Albert; Camanho, Pedro P.
A new methodology to measure the transverse Poisson’s ratios in fibre-reinforced composite materials was developed. Transverse tensile and transverse compressive standardised tests were instrumented using digital image correlation equipment to measure the lateral strain field of the specimens. A thermoplastic-based composite material was used to describe the proposed methodology. The elastic transverse Poisson’s ratio exhibits a different behaviour in tension than in compression, its value being greater in compression than in tension. Assuming no plastic strain in the longitudinal direction, the plastic transverse Poisson’s ratio in compression suggests no volumetric plastic strains for small axial plastic strains, however, plastic dilatancy was observed when the amount of compressive plastic axial strain increases.
2024-02-06T10:00:34Z
Ruiz Cózar, Ivan
Arbeláez Toro, Juan Jose
Maimi, Pere
Otero Gruer, Fermín Enrique
González Juan, Emilio Vicente
Turon Travessa, Albert
Camanho, Pedro P.
A new methodology to measure the transverse Poisson’s ratios in fibre-reinforced composite materials was developed. Transverse tensile and transverse compressive standardised tests were instrumented using digital image correlation equipment to measure the lateral strain field of the specimens. A thermoplastic-based composite material was used to describe the proposed methodology. The elastic transverse Poisson’s ratio exhibits a different behaviour in tension than in compression, its value being greater in compression than in tension. Assuming no plastic strain in the longitudinal direction, the plastic transverse Poisson’s ratio in compression suggests no volumetric plastic strains for small axial plastic strains, however, plastic dilatancy was observed when the amount of compressive plastic axial strain increases.
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Human acceptance in the Human-Robot Interaction scenario for last-mile goods delivery
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/397515
Human acceptance in the Human-Robot Interaction scenario for last-mile goods delivery
Puig-Pey Clavería, Ana María; Zamora i Mestre, Joan-Lluís; Amante García, Beatriz; Moreno Sanz, Joan; Garrell Zulueta, Anais; Grau Saldes, Antoni; Bolea Monte, Yolanda; Santamaria Navarro, Àngel; Sanfeliu Cortés, Alberto
The introduction of robotic technology in an existing scenario must be analyzed from the point of view of all the human roles involved in that scenario. In the case of dealing with urban public space, the analysis must consider a large group of citizens who carry out different activities on it. The purpose of this article is to analyze the human roles and the human acceptance when the robotic technology is introduced in the last mile distribution of goods in urban areas. In this work, we start with the description of the Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) scenario for last mile goods delivery, we describe the human roles and we propose a set of relevant indicators to evaluate the human acceptance for this task. Finally, we evaluate the human acceptance through qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys. The study has been done for the peer end-users and bystanders human roles and around 100 people participated.
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2023-12-01T10:21:48Z
Puig-Pey Clavería, Ana María
Zamora i Mestre, Joan-Lluís
Amante García, Beatriz
Moreno Sanz, Joan
Garrell Zulueta, Anais
Grau Saldes, Antoni
Bolea Monte, Yolanda
Santamaria Navarro, Àngel
Sanfeliu Cortés, Alberto
The introduction of robotic technology in an existing scenario must be analyzed from the point of view of all the human roles involved in that scenario. In the case of dealing with urban public space, the analysis must consider a large group of citizens who carry out different activities on it. The purpose of this article is to analyze the human roles and the human acceptance when the robotic technology is introduced in the last mile distribution of goods in urban areas. In this work, we start with the description of the Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) scenario for last mile goods delivery, we describe the human roles and we propose a set of relevant indicators to evaluate the human acceptance for this task. Finally, we evaluate the human acceptance through qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys. The study has been done for the peer end-users and bystanders human roles and around 100 people participated.
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Estimating fishing effort from highly resolved geospatial data: Focusing on passive gears
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/396956
Estimating fishing effort from highly resolved geospatial data: Focusing on passive gears
Mendo, Tania; Glemarec, Gildas; Mendo Aguilar, Jaime Humberto; Hjorleifsson, Einar; Smout, Sophie Caroline; Northridge, Simon; Rodriguez, Julien; Mujal Colilles, Anna; James, Mark Andrew
Increasing competition for marine space requires the appropriate development of indicators to best represent the use of marine areas and the value (whether economic, social and/or cultural) derived from such use. Fishers (the largest group of users) are often under-represented in marine spatial planning processes. Highly-resolved vessel tracking data provide opportunities to map the activities of fishing vessels at a level of detail never before available. Most effort mapping methods have focused on active gears such as trawls or dredges in large scale fisheries. For these fisheries, the time spent fishing at sea (hours) is usually a representative indicator of fishing effort, enabling a straightforward mapping of the most important fishing grounds. However, for passive gears generally used in small-scale fisheries, we show that spatial indicators of effort (here, length of vessel track) greatly outperform time-at-sea as an indicator of fishing effort. We further demonstrate and validate a method to estimate gear soak time from vessel tracking data and show how maps of effort that account for soak time can be different from those solely based on time spent fishing at sea. The development of adequate methods to quantify the spatial distribution of passive gear effort is particularly relevant to fisheries management because globally about a fifth of all catches (by weight) are landed by passive gears. Appropriate, fine scale effort maps will provide better tools for spatial planning to support sustainable fishing.
2023-11-23T15:13:49Z
Mendo, Tania
Glemarec, Gildas
Mendo Aguilar, Jaime Humberto
Hjorleifsson, Einar
Smout, Sophie Caroline
Northridge, Simon
Rodriguez, Julien
Mujal Colilles, Anna
James, Mark Andrew
Increasing competition for marine space requires the appropriate development of indicators to best represent the use of marine areas and the value (whether economic, social and/or cultural) derived from such use. Fishers (the largest group of users) are often under-represented in marine spatial planning processes. Highly-resolved vessel tracking data provide opportunities to map the activities of fishing vessels at a level of detail never before available. Most effort mapping methods have focused on active gears such as trawls or dredges in large scale fisheries. For these fisheries, the time spent fishing at sea (hours) is usually a representative indicator of fishing effort, enabling a straightforward mapping of the most important fishing grounds. However, for passive gears generally used in small-scale fisheries, we show that spatial indicators of effort (here, length of vessel track) greatly outperform time-at-sea as an indicator of fishing effort. We further demonstrate and validate a method to estimate gear soak time from vessel tracking data and show how maps of effort that account for soak time can be different from those solely based on time spent fishing at sea. The development of adequate methods to quantify the spatial distribution of passive gear effort is particularly relevant to fisheries management because globally about a fifth of all catches (by weight) are landed by passive gears. Appropriate, fine scale effort maps will provide better tools for spatial planning to support sustainable fishing.
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Optimization of ship’s navigational parameters to improve the stowage and securing criteria of non-standardized cargo in ships
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/396632
Optimization of ship’s navigational parameters to improve the stowage and securing criteria of non-standardized cargo in ships
Pérez Canosa, José Maria; Orosa García, José Antonio; Martínez de Osés, Francesc Xavier; Lama Carballo, Francisco Javier
General cargo ships are the most numerous in the merchant fleet. In these vessels, the stowage and securing of non-standardized cargo must be designed prior to being shipped. Furthermore, during sea navigation, the shipmaster must be confident that the secured cargo is safe in any weather conditions. One of the goals of the present research is to provide helpful guides to ship operators about the optimal navigational parameters. Despite different criteria being followed by the shipping industry to calculate the rolling motion accelerations, relevant accidents and losses related to an inadequate securing arrangement still occur. Firstly, this paper analyzes and compares the IMO’s and classification societies’ criteria, obtaining relevant results about the different safety levels along the ship’s dimensions. Secondly, it obtains a novel mathematical model of angular transverse acceleration, considering the sea state conditions and navigational parameters. For this reason, it investigates the combinations of optimization of these parameters. Finally, it proposes novel 3D surface graphs as being easy, useful, and quick to be interpreted by shipmasters when sailing in certain sea state conditions, to know if the limits of the maximum securing arrangement are exceeded and predict the ship’s optimal speed and heading in order to set out.
2023-11-17T14:09:08Z
Pérez Canosa, José Maria
Orosa García, José Antonio
Martínez de Osés, Francesc Xavier
Lama Carballo, Francisco Javier
General cargo ships are the most numerous in the merchant fleet. In these vessels, the stowage and securing of non-standardized cargo must be designed prior to being shipped. Furthermore, during sea navigation, the shipmaster must be confident that the secured cargo is safe in any weather conditions. One of the goals of the present research is to provide helpful guides to ship operators about the optimal navigational parameters. Despite different criteria being followed by the shipping industry to calculate the rolling motion accelerations, relevant accidents and losses related to an inadequate securing arrangement still occur. Firstly, this paper analyzes and compares the IMO’s and classification societies’ criteria, obtaining relevant results about the different safety levels along the ship’s dimensions. Secondly, it obtains a novel mathematical model of angular transverse acceleration, considering the sea state conditions and navigational parameters. For this reason, it investigates the combinations of optimization of these parameters. Finally, it proposes novel 3D surface graphs as being easy, useful, and quick to be interpreted by shipmasters when sailing in certain sea state conditions, to know if the limits of the maximum securing arrangement are exceeded and predict the ship’s optimal speed and heading in order to set out.
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Multi-scale procedure for the mechanical analysis of composite laminate structures considering mixed boundary conditions
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/392761
Multi-scale procedure for the mechanical analysis of composite laminate structures considering mixed boundary conditions
Turon Pujol, Francesc; Otero Gruer, Fermín Enrique; Martínez García, Javier
This paper presents a multi-scale procedure for the study of flat composite structures with discontinuities. In this procedure, the structure is solved using shell elements while the laminate performance and the structural discontinuities (e.g. connections or change in the laminate thickness) are analysed with a subscale model made with solid 3D elements. The kinematics of both models are coupled following the Kirchhoff–Love theory. This coupling is used during the homogenization procedure where the characteristic behavior of the different micro-models is obtained. Periodical boundary conditions are used for the laminates whereas a combination between periodical and linear boundary conditions are used for the discontinuities. The proposed procedure allows to reproduce accurately the structure elastic behaviour, as well as the stress and strain states in regions with discontinuities, which until now could only be accurately simulated by means of expensive numerical models using volumetric solid elements.
2023-08-03T13:22:21Z
Turon Pujol, Francesc
Otero Gruer, Fermín Enrique
Martínez García, Javier
This paper presents a multi-scale procedure for the study of flat composite structures with discontinuities. In this procedure, the structure is solved using shell elements while the laminate performance and the structural discontinuities (e.g. connections or change in the laminate thickness) are analysed with a subscale model made with solid 3D elements. The kinematics of both models are coupled following the Kirchhoff–Love theory. This coupling is used during the homogenization procedure where the characteristic behavior of the different micro-models is obtained. Periodical boundary conditions are used for the laminates whereas a combination between periodical and linear boundary conditions are used for the discontinuities. The proposed procedure allows to reproduce accurately the structure elastic behaviour, as well as the stress and strain states in regions with discontinuities, which until now could only be accurately simulated by means of expensive numerical models using volumetric solid elements.