Reports de recerca
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/77496
2024-03-29T01:46:31Z
2024-03-29T01:46:31Z
Environmental and social impacts of Li-ion batteries
Lerides, Marcos
Buysse, Maarten
Pérez Olmo, Beatriz
McCready, Amy
Ferreira Ferreira, Víctor J.
Benveniste Pérez, Gabriela
Canals Casals, Lluc
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/352156
2021-09-23T13:00:57Z
2021-09-23T12:54:49Z
Environmental and social impacts of Li-ion batteries
Lerides, Marcos; Buysse, Maarten; Pérez Olmo, Beatriz; McCready, Amy; Ferreira Ferreira, Víctor J.; Benveniste Pérez, Gabriela; Canals Casals, Lluc
Electric vehicles do not directly emit CO2. However, the generation of electricity to charge their Li-ion batteries does. More importantly, though, the manufacturing of Li-ion batteries has considerable environmental and societal impact. On one hand, manufacturing processes are highly energy-intensive, which leads to CO2 emissions and negative environmental impacts. On the other hand, batteries contain raw materials such as cobalt, lithium, manganese, graphite, and nickel, of which the mining and processing entail a negative impact on both local societies and ecosystems. Mining operations for cobalt in the Democratic Republic of Congo have often been accused of using artisanal miners and child labour, while leaks of toxic chemicals f rom lithium mines in Tibet have caused the deterioration of local fauna. Considering the global increase in battery demand, these issues are only expected to increase, should nothing change. Solutions are being developed. Pyro, hydro, and other, innovative recycling processes are being further developed and upscaled, which could partly replace raw material mining. Although up to now just around 5% of all Li-ion batteries (f rom smaller devices such as laptops or cell phones) are recycled or reused, the volume of larger EV batteries that is expected to reach their end of life in the next few years is expected to change this trend, as recycling of larger batteries – with higher content in valuable materials – is predicted to make recycling f inancially attractive. In addition, new battery technologies with low or no content of “troublesome” raw materials are being developed, such as the cobalt-f ree battery developed in COBRA . This market intelligence report aims to highlight the main environmental and social impacts of Li-ion batteries, as well as technologies and measures to reduce them.
Market Intelligence Report
2021-09-23T12:54:49Z
Lerides, Marcos
Buysse, Maarten
Pérez Olmo, Beatriz
McCready, Amy
Ferreira Ferreira, Víctor J.
Benveniste Pérez, Gabriela
Canals Casals, Lluc
Electric vehicles do not directly emit CO2. However, the generation of electricity to charge their Li-ion batteries does. More importantly, though, the manufacturing of Li-ion batteries has considerable environmental and societal impact. On one hand, manufacturing processes are highly energy-intensive, which leads to CO2 emissions and negative environmental impacts. On the other hand, batteries contain raw materials such as cobalt, lithium, manganese, graphite, and nickel, of which the mining and processing entail a negative impact on both local societies and ecosystems. Mining operations for cobalt in the Democratic Republic of Congo have often been accused of using artisanal miners and child labour, while leaks of toxic chemicals f rom lithium mines in Tibet have caused the deterioration of local fauna. Considering the global increase in battery demand, these issues are only expected to increase, should nothing change. Solutions are being developed. Pyro, hydro, and other, innovative recycling processes are being further developed and upscaled, which could partly replace raw material mining. Although up to now just around 5% of all Li-ion batteries (f rom smaller devices such as laptops or cell phones) are recycled or reused, the volume of larger EV batteries that is expected to reach their end of life in the next few years is expected to change this trend, as recycling of larger batteries – with higher content in valuable materials – is predicted to make recycling f inancially attractive. In addition, new battery technologies with low or no content of “troublesome” raw materials are being developed, such as the cobalt-f ree battery developed in COBRA . This market intelligence report aims to highlight the main environmental and social impacts of Li-ion batteries, as well as technologies and measures to reduce them.
Evaluation of the energy performance strategies in competition tenders to achieve Nearly Zero Energy Buildings: two case studies in Barcelona and Merano
González Matterson, Maria Leandra
Paoletti, Giulia
Salom Tormo, Jaume
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/85455
2020-07-22T18:04:34Z
2016-04-11T08:26:10Z
Evaluation of the energy performance strategies in competition tenders to achieve Nearly Zero Energy Buildings: two case studies in Barcelona and Merano
González Matterson, Maria Leandra; Paoletti, Giulia; Salom Tormo, Jaume
This paper shows the experiences of two typologies of tender competition to achieve Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) target, realized in 2013 in two cities: Barcelona (Catalunya) Spain and Merano (Bolzano) Italy. This work was carried out in the framework of AIDA Project assisting Municipalities in the Integrated Energy Design (IED) process by IREC and EURAC, as partners of the European project consortium. In particular, this paper shows the approach used during the evaluation of proposals in submission phase, from the analysis of the design solutions presented to achieve the energy target and the energy performance (demand and generation on site), as well also the score assignation (energy efficiency item). Moreover, the total score is the sum of different points from different criteria achieved (urban integration, architectural and functional quality, aesthetic, etc.). This means, that presently, the nZEB target is an important aspect, but not necessary, to reach to win the competition. In conclusion, this paper highlights the importance of the definition of tender and specification documents related to the Energy efficiency, from the early stages of the architectural design, to achieve a nZEB and integrated the IED process
2016-04-11T08:26:10Z
González Matterson, Maria Leandra
Paoletti, Giulia
Salom Tormo, Jaume
This paper shows the experiences of two typologies of tender competition to achieve Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) target, realized in 2013 in two cities: Barcelona (Catalunya) Spain and Merano (Bolzano) Italy. This work was carried out in the framework of AIDA Project assisting Municipalities in the Integrated Energy Design (IED) process by IREC and EURAC, as partners of the European project consortium. In particular, this paper shows the approach used during the evaluation of proposals in submission phase, from the analysis of the design solutions presented to achieve the energy target and the energy performance (demand and generation on site), as well also the score assignation (energy efficiency item). Moreover, the total score is the sum of different points from different criteria achieved (urban integration, architectural and functional quality, aesthetic, etc.). This means, that presently, the nZEB target is an important aspect, but not necessary, to reach to win the competition. In conclusion, this paper highlights the importance of the definition of tender and specification documents related to the Energy efficiency, from the early stages of the architectural design, to achieve a nZEB and integrated the IED process
Analysis of load match and grid interaction indicators in NZEB with high-resolution data
Salom, Jaume
Marszal, Anna Joanna
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/77544
2020-07-23T23:32:35Z
2015-10-09T10:42:39Z
Analysis of load match and grid interaction indicators in NZEB with high-resolution data
Salom, Jaume; Marszal, Anna Joanna
© 2014 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.
2015-10-09T10:42:39Z
Salom, Jaume
Marszal, Anna Joanna