Càtedra Unesco de Sostenibilitathttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/6062024-03-28T20:10:47Z2024-03-28T20:10:47ZSpecification and description language models automatic execution in a high-performance environmentFonseca Casas, PauRomanowska, IzaGarcia Subirana, Joanhttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/3997672024-02-15T15:06:41Z2024-01-18T08:08:46ZSpecification and description language models automatic execution in a high-performance environment
Fonseca Casas, Pau; Romanowska, Iza; Garcia Subirana, Joan
Specification and Description Language (SDL) is a language that can represent the behavior and structure of a model completely and unambiguously. It allows the creation of frameworks that can run a model without the need to code it in a specific programming language. This automatic process simplifies the key phases of model building: validation and verification. SDLPS is a simulator that enables the definition and execution of models using SDL. In this paper, we present a new library that enables the execution of SDL models defined on SDLPS infrastructure on a HPC platform, such as a supercomputer, thus significantly speeding up simulation runtime. Moreover, we apply the SDL language to a social science use case, thus opening a new avenue for facilitating the use of HPC power to new groups of users. The tools presented here have the potential to increase the robustness of modeling software by improving the documentation, verification, and validation of the models.
2024-01-18T08:08:46ZFonseca Casas, PauRomanowska, IzaGarcia Subirana, JoanSpecification and Description Language (SDL) is a language that can represent the behavior and structure of a model completely and unambiguously. It allows the creation of frameworks that can run a model without the need to code it in a specific programming language. This automatic process simplifies the key phases of model building: validation and verification. SDLPS is a simulator that enables the definition and execution of models using SDL. In this paper, we present a new library that enables the execution of SDL models defined on SDLPS infrastructure on a HPC platform, such as a supercomputer, thus significantly speeding up simulation runtime. Moreover, we apply the SDL language to a social science use case, thus opening a new avenue for facilitating the use of HPC power to new groups of users. The tools presented here have the potential to increase the robustness of modeling software by improving the documentation, verification, and validation of the models.Modelling influenza and SARS-CoV-2 interaction: analysis for Catalonia regionFonseca Casas, PauGarcía Carrasco, VíctorGarcia Subirana, Joanhttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/3971402023-12-03T21:19:53Z2023-11-28T11:46:41ZModelling influenza and SARS-CoV-2 interaction: analysis for Catalonia region
Fonseca Casas, Pau; García Carrasco, Víctor; Garcia Subirana, Joan
The aim is to analyse that, during the current pandemic situation, the reduction in the number of cases of influenza suggests that the non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) applied to contain the expansion of SARS-CoV-2 also affect the influenza expansion. We analyse the interaction of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 spread based on an extended SEIRD model for the Catalonia region in Spain. We show that the dynamic evolution of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza generates a small interference. This interference causes a small reduction in the number of cases of seasonal influenza, reducing its expansion over the population. Other elements like the face mask mandates, social distancing and hand cleaning boost the reduction in both expansions. Influenza expansion will present a small reduction in the number of cases due to the interaction with SARS-CoV-2 expansion but mainly because the NPIs applied to the population.
The version of record is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17483026231186012
2023-11-28T11:46:41ZFonseca Casas, PauGarcía Carrasco, VíctorGarcia Subirana, JoanThe aim is to analyse that, during the current pandemic situation, the reduction in the number of cases of influenza suggests that the non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) applied to contain the expansion of SARS-CoV-2 also affect the influenza expansion. We analyse the interaction of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 spread based on an extended SEIRD model for the Catalonia region in Spain. We show that the dynamic evolution of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza generates a small interference. This interference causes a small reduction in the number of cases of seasonal influenza, reducing its expansion over the population. Other elements like the face mask mandates, social distancing and hand cleaning boost the reduction in both expansions. Influenza expansion will present a small reduction in the number of cases due to the interaction with SARS-CoV-2 expansion but mainly because the NPIs applied to the population.Water-Energy-Food-Ecosystem (WEFE) Nexus: a key concept for a more resilient adaptation to the climate crisisPérez, Leonardo Martínhttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/3947042023-10-06T11:23:17Z2023-10-06T10:13:30ZWater-Energy-Food-Ecosystem (WEFE) Nexus: a key concept for a more resilient adaptation to the climate crisis
Pérez, Leonardo Martín
The Water-Energy-Food-Ecosystem (WEFE) Nexus is a pretty novel cross-thinking concept, meaning that answers to current environmental hazards must follow a multisectoral approach rather than a traditional unidirectional vision. Since water supply, energy flows, and food security—and its connection with the surrounding ecosystems—are intimately linked together, every impact in one of such areas will have undoubtedly impacts on the others. The most important significance of the WEFE Nexus approach is that further exploitation of clean water supplies, agricultural soils, and energy resources should not destabilize nor weaken the provision of these ecoservices to the current and future societies.
2023-10-06T10:13:30ZPérez, Leonardo MartínThe Water-Energy-Food-Ecosystem (WEFE) Nexus is a pretty novel cross-thinking concept, meaning that answers to current environmental hazards must follow a multisectoral approach rather than a traditional unidirectional vision. Since water supply, energy flows, and food security—and its connection with the surrounding ecosystems—are intimately linked together, every impact in one of such areas will have undoubtedly impacts on the others. The most important significance of the WEFE Nexus approach is that further exploitation of clean water supplies, agricultural soils, and energy resources should not destabilize nor weaken the provision of these ecoservices to the current and future societies.Modeling SARS-CoV-2 true infections in Catalonia through a digital twinFonseca Casas, PauGarcia Subirana, JoanGarcía Carrasco, Víctorhttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/3919102023-10-24T04:58:03Z2023-07-21T08:55:52ZModeling SARS-CoV-2 true infections in Catalonia through a digital twin
Fonseca Casas, Pau; Garcia Subirana, Joan; García Carrasco, Víctor
A dynamic view of the evolution of the infections of SARS-CoV-2 in Cataloniausing a Digital Twin approach that forecasts the true infection curve ispresented. The forecast model incorporates the vaccination process, theconfinement, and the detection rate, and virtually allows to consider anynonpharmaceutical intervention, enabling to understand their effects on thedisease’s containment while forecasting the trend of the pandemic. Acontinuous validation process of the model is performed using real data andan optimization model that automatically provides information regarding theeffects of the containment actions on the population. To simplify thisvalidation process, a formal graphical language that simplifies the interactionwith the different specialists and an easy modification of the modelparameters are used. The Digital Twin of the pandemic in Catalonia provides aforecast of the future trend of the SARS-CoV-2 spread and informationregarding the true cases and effectiveness of the NPIs to control theSARS-CoV-2 spread over the population. This approach can be applied easilyto other regions and can become an excellent tool for decision-making.
This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Fonseca, P., Garcia, J. and Garcia, V., 2023. Modeling SARS-CoV-2 true infections in Catalonia through a digital twin. Advanced theory and simulations, (2200917), which has been published in final form at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adts.202200917. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited.
2023-07-21T08:55:52ZFonseca Casas, PauGarcia Subirana, JoanGarcía Carrasco, VíctorA dynamic view of the evolution of the infections of SARS-CoV-2 in Cataloniausing a Digital Twin approach that forecasts the true infection curve ispresented. The forecast model incorporates the vaccination process, theconfinement, and the detection rate, and virtually allows to consider anynonpharmaceutical intervention, enabling to understand their effects on thedisease’s containment while forecasting the trend of the pandemic. Acontinuous validation process of the model is performed using real data andan optimization model that automatically provides information regarding theeffects of the containment actions on the population. To simplify thisvalidation process, a formal graphical language that simplifies the interactionwith the different specialists and an easy modification of the modelparameters are used. The Digital Twin of the pandemic in Catalonia provides aforecast of the future trend of the SARS-CoV-2 spread and informationregarding the true cases and effectiveness of the NPIs to control theSARS-CoV-2 spread over the population. This approach can be applied easilyto other regions and can become an excellent tool for decision-making.Key design factors affecting microbial community composition and pathogenic organism removal in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlandsMorató Farreras, JordiCodony Iglesias, FrancescSánchez, OlgaPérez, Leonardo MartínGarcía, JoanMas, Jordihttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/3847672023-03-19T02:24:49Z2023-03-08T17:36:13ZKey design factors affecting microbial community composition and pathogenic organism removal in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands
Morató Farreras, Jordi; Codony Iglesias, Francesc; Sánchez, Olga; Pérez, Leonardo Martín; García, Joan; Mas, Jordi
Water shortages in arid and semi-arid areas such as the Mediterranean have prompted a need for wastewater treatment and subsequent reuse. Reclamation can be achieved through conventional intensive systems or natural, ecologically engineered treatments such as horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) constructed wetlands. Depending on wastewater type, some pathogenic microorganisms may be present and, therefore, wastewater reclamation processes with disinfection could be required (Asano and Levine, 1998). Thus, research into sewage treatment is needed in order to reduce risks associated with improper sanitation, particularly in terms of wastewater reuse for crop irrigation.
2023-03-08T17:36:13ZMorató Farreras, JordiCodony Iglesias, FrancescSánchez, OlgaPérez, Leonardo MartínGarcía, JoanMas, JordiWater shortages in arid and semi-arid areas such as the Mediterranean have prompted a need for wastewater treatment and subsequent reuse. Reclamation can be achieved through conventional intensive systems or natural, ecologically engineered treatments such as horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) constructed wetlands. Depending on wastewater type, some pathogenic microorganisms may be present and, therefore, wastewater reclamation processes with disinfection could be required (Asano and Levine, 1998). Thus, research into sewage treatment is needed in order to reduce risks associated with improper sanitation, particularly in terms of wastewater reuse for crop irrigation.Constructed wetlands for marine aquaculture wastewater treatment: a new challengePérez, Leonardo Martínhttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/3847632023-03-08T16:30:17Z2023-03-08T16:22:06ZConstructed wetlands for marine aquaculture wastewater treatment: a new challenge
Pérez, Leonardo Martín
Aquaculture is the fastest growing food production sector worldwide. Global demand for seafood continues to grow, and landbased aquaculture is expected to grow in order to meet the increasing market demand. In this context, marine aquaculture production systems are moving towards land-based farming. However, due to the large volumes of wastewater with high effluents before discharge. salinity and other fish-metabolism derived pollutants (e.g., nitrogen compounds), it remains a challenge for treatment of effluents from land-based marine aquaculture. In this scenario, development of environmental-friendly and efficient aquaculture effluent treatment system is crucial for sustainable intensification of aquaculture. Owing to low capital, operating costs, and low energy consumption, constructed wetlands (CWs) are becoming a promising technique to treat aquaculture
2023-03-08T16:22:06ZPérez, Leonardo MartínAquaculture is the fastest growing food production sector worldwide. Global demand for seafood continues to grow, and landbased aquaculture is expected to grow in order to meet the increasing market demand. In this context, marine aquaculture production systems are moving towards land-based farming. However, due to the large volumes of wastewater with high effluents before discharge. salinity and other fish-metabolism derived pollutants (e.g., nitrogen compounds), it remains a challenge for treatment of effluents from land-based marine aquaculture. In this scenario, development of environmental-friendly and efficient aquaculture effluent treatment system is crucial for sustainable intensification of aquaculture. Owing to low capital, operating costs, and low energy consumption, constructed wetlands (CWs) are becoming a promising technique to treat aquacultureProspects of plant-based systems as an eco-technological approach for heavy metals removal from polluted-watersPérez, Leonardo Martínhttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/3847552023-03-08T16:00:18Z2023-03-08T15:51:53ZProspects of plant-based systems as an eco-technological approach for heavy metals removal from polluted-waters
Pérez, Leonardo Martín
2023-03-08T15:51:53ZPérez, Leonardo MartínPotential of Salvinia biloba Raddi for removing atrazine and carbendazim from aquatic environmentsLoureiro, Dana BelénLario, Luciana D.Herrero, Maria S.Salvatierra, Lucas M.Novo, Luis A.B.Pérez, Leonardo Martínhttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/3846552023-03-12T14:40:29Z2023-03-07T12:31:12ZPotential of Salvinia biloba Raddi for removing atrazine and carbendazim from aquatic environments
Loureiro, Dana Belén; Lario, Luciana D.; Herrero, Maria S.; Salvatierra, Lucas M.; Novo, Luis A.B.; Pérez, Leonardo Martín
In this exploratory study, naturally occurring Salvinia biloba Raddi specimens were assessed for atrazine and carbendazim polluted water remediation. Experiments were carried out over 21 days in glass vessels containing deionized water artificially contaminated with 0, 5, 10, and 20 mg L−1 of atrazine or carbendazim. Atrazine had a pronounced detrimental impact on S. biloba, as no biomass development was observed in all macrophytes exposed to this herbicide in the entire concentration range. However, carbendazim-treated plants were able to grow and survive in the polluted medium even when subjected to the highest concentration of this fungicide (i.e., 20 mg L−1). In addition, increased chlorosis and necrosis were also detected in plants subjected to carbendazim as a result of the high phytotoxicity caused by atrazine. A maximal removal efficiency of ~ 30% was observed for both pesticides at 5 mg L−1 and decreased with increasing concentrations of the pollutants. The spectrum of the FTIR-ATR analysis revealed the existence of various functional groups (e.g., amide, carboxyl, hydroxyl, phosphate, sulfate) on the plants, which could be related to pesticide biosorption. In addition, at the end of the 21-day assay, seven carbendazim-resistant bacteria could be isolated from the roots of fungicide-treated plants. Therefore, the use of autochthonous free-floating S. biloba macrophytes for phytoremediation of aquatic environments contaminated with carbendazim shows great promise. Still, additional research is required to further elucidate the plant-mediated carbendazim elimination process and the role of the herbicide-resistant bacteria, and seek alternative species capable of mitigating atrazine contamination
2023-03-07T12:31:12ZLoureiro, Dana BelénLario, Luciana D.Herrero, Maria S.Salvatierra, Lucas M.Novo, Luis A.B.Pérez, Leonardo MartínIn this exploratory study, naturally occurring Salvinia biloba Raddi specimens were assessed for atrazine and carbendazim polluted water remediation. Experiments were carried out over 21 days in glass vessels containing deionized water artificially contaminated with 0, 5, 10, and 20 mg L−1 of atrazine or carbendazim. Atrazine had a pronounced detrimental impact on S. biloba, as no biomass development was observed in all macrophytes exposed to this herbicide in the entire concentration range. However, carbendazim-treated plants were able to grow and survive in the polluted medium even when subjected to the highest concentration of this fungicide (i.e., 20 mg L−1). In addition, increased chlorosis and necrosis were also detected in plants subjected to carbendazim as a result of the high phytotoxicity caused by atrazine. A maximal removal efficiency of ~ 30% was observed for both pesticides at 5 mg L−1 and decreased with increasing concentrations of the pollutants. The spectrum of the FTIR-ATR analysis revealed the existence of various functional groups (e.g., amide, carboxyl, hydroxyl, phosphate, sulfate) on the plants, which could be related to pesticide biosorption. In addition, at the end of the 21-day assay, seven carbendazim-resistant bacteria could be isolated from the roots of fungicide-treated plants. Therefore, the use of autochthonous free-floating S. biloba macrophytes for phytoremediation of aquatic environments contaminated with carbendazim shows great promise. Still, additional research is required to further elucidate the plant-mediated carbendazim elimination process and the role of the herbicide-resistant bacteria, and seek alternative species capable of mitigating atrazine contaminationProspects in cadmium-contaminated water management using free-living cyanobacteria (Oscillatoria sp.)Carralero Bon, IvánMatías Salvatierra, LucasLario, Luciana D.Morató Farreras, JordiPérez, Leonardo Martínhttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/3843052023-03-05T18:30:42Z2023-02-27T17:50:55ZProspects in cadmium-contaminated water management using free-living cyanobacteria (Oscillatoria sp.)
Carralero Bon, Iván; Matías Salvatierra, Lucas; Lario, Luciana D.; Morató Farreras, Jordi; Pérez, Leonardo Martín
In this study, the removal of cadmium (Cd) by free-living Oscillatoria sp. was studied. Our results showed that maximal Cd removal efficiency (~60%) by the cyanobacterial culture was achieved within 12–24 h in the presence of 5.0 or 25.0 mg/L of Cd. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon were explored by elemental analysis and FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. It was found that metal adsorption by negatively charged functional groups in the cyanobacterial biomass was the main mechanism used by Oscillatoria sp. to remove metal from the aqueous medium, followed by Cd bioaccumulation into living cells. Additionally, Cd-exposed microalgae showed increased oxidative stress (MDA formation), a decreased dehydrogenase activity, a higher amount of soluble carbohydrates and a decreased total carotenoid concentration, as compared to the control cells. These results suggest that Oscillatoria sp. improved its antioxidative defense system under stressful conditions, through carotenoid-mediated ROS quenching and induction of carbohydrate catabolism, in order to counteract the oxidative damage and preserve the photosynthetic machinery and cellular energetics. In fact, no significant reduction in Oscillatoria sp. cell density, total protein amount, and chlorophyll a content was observed after 24-h Cd exposure, even at the highest metal concentration tested (i.e., 25.0 mg/L). Hence, the presented results are the first to describe some new insights about the metabolic and physiological behavior of living Oscillatoria sp. during Cd remediation, and open up the possibility of finding an equilibrium that maximizes metal removal performance with an active cyanobacterial metabolism, to achieve a rewarding and sustainable management of industrial metal-polluted wastewater.
2023-02-27T17:50:55ZCarralero Bon, IvánMatías Salvatierra, LucasLario, Luciana D.Morató Farreras, JordiPérez, Leonardo MartínIn this study, the removal of cadmium (Cd) by free-living Oscillatoria sp. was studied. Our results showed that maximal Cd removal efficiency (~60%) by the cyanobacterial culture was achieved within 12–24 h in the presence of 5.0 or 25.0 mg/L of Cd. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon were explored by elemental analysis and FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. It was found that metal adsorption by negatively charged functional groups in the cyanobacterial biomass was the main mechanism used by Oscillatoria sp. to remove metal from the aqueous medium, followed by Cd bioaccumulation into living cells. Additionally, Cd-exposed microalgae showed increased oxidative stress (MDA formation), a decreased dehydrogenase activity, a higher amount of soluble carbohydrates and a decreased total carotenoid concentration, as compared to the control cells. These results suggest that Oscillatoria sp. improved its antioxidative defense system under stressful conditions, through carotenoid-mediated ROS quenching and induction of carbohydrate catabolism, in order to counteract the oxidative damage and preserve the photosynthetic machinery and cellular energetics. In fact, no significant reduction in Oscillatoria sp. cell density, total protein amount, and chlorophyll a content was observed after 24-h Cd exposure, even at the highest metal concentration tested (i.e., 25.0 mg/L). Hence, the presented results are the first to describe some new insights about the metabolic and physiological behavior of living Oscillatoria sp. during Cd remediation, and open up the possibility of finding an equilibrium that maximizes metal removal performance with an active cyanobacterial metabolism, to achieve a rewarding and sustainable management of industrial metal-polluted wastewater.Effect of aeration on nitrogen removal-associated microbial community in an innovative vertical cork-based constructed wetland for winery wastewater treatmentAguilar Pérez, LorenaPérez, Leonardo MartínGallegos Dávalos, ÁngelForés Gil, EvaArias Isaza, Carlos Alberto de JesúsBosch, CarmeVerdum, MariaJové, Patriciade Pablo, JoanMorató Farreras, Jordihttp://hdl.handle.net/2117/3773142023-10-29T07:32:49Z2022-11-29T11:24:10ZEffect of aeration on nitrogen removal-associated microbial community in an innovative vertical cork-based constructed wetland for winery wastewater treatment
Aguilar Pérez, Lorena; Pérez, Leonardo Martín; Gallegos Dávalos, Ángel; Forés Gil, Eva; Arias Isaza, Carlos Alberto de Jesús; Bosch, Carme; Verdum, Maria; Jové, Patricia; de Pablo, Joan; Morató Farreras, Jordi
The wine industry produces large quantities of wastewater that often contains high levels of organic matter and nutrients, like nitrogen and phosphorous. In particular, nitrogen pollution can be harmful, even at low levels, since infants are vulnerable to nitrates in drinking water, and excess nitrogen can harm the health of soils and waterways. Herein, an innovative compact, modular, and mobile treatment wetland (TW) using cork by product as the only granular media was used to treat the final effluents from the Codorniu winery (Sant Sadurní d'Anoia, Spain). The TW was operated during two 5-month periods with or without intermittent induced aeration (40 min cycles, 90 L/min air flow rate). Nitrate (N-NO3) and total nitrogen (TN) removal were higher (52.8% and 46.8%, respectively, p < 0.05) during TW operation under aerated-condition. Additionally, qPCR analysis of 16S rRNA, nirS and nosZ genes revealed that intermittent induced aeration facilitates N-NO3 reduction by the stimulation of denitrifying bacteria in the TW biofilm (11.4% increase in nirS copies number/g cork sample, p < 0.05) as well as increasing the number of heterotrophic bacteria adhered to cork (25.5% increase in 16S rRNA copies number/g cork sample, p < 0.05). Moreover, SEM images demonstrated the suitability of cork as a resistant filter media for TW after long-term system operation (1.5 years). In conclusion, our results suggest that aeration improved ni- trogen compounds removal compared to the non-aerated period, without affecting phosphorous elimination. Additionally, residual cork is presented here in a circular bioeconomy view, as a suitable filling media to treat winery wastewater that can provide additional carbon source to increase C/N rate stimulating denitrification, as well as a reliable organic substrate for biomass growth.
2022-11-29T11:24:10ZAguilar Pérez, LorenaPérez, Leonardo MartínGallegos Dávalos, ÁngelForés Gil, EvaArias Isaza, Carlos Alberto de JesúsBosch, CarmeVerdum, MariaJové, Patriciade Pablo, JoanMorató Farreras, JordiThe wine industry produces large quantities of wastewater that often contains high levels of organic matter and nutrients, like nitrogen and phosphorous. In particular, nitrogen pollution can be harmful, even at low levels, since infants are vulnerable to nitrates in drinking water, and excess nitrogen can harm the health of soils and waterways. Herein, an innovative compact, modular, and mobile treatment wetland (TW) using cork by product as the only granular media was used to treat the final effluents from the Codorniu winery (Sant Sadurní d'Anoia, Spain). The TW was operated during two 5-month periods with or without intermittent induced aeration (40 min cycles, 90 L/min air flow rate). Nitrate (N-NO3) and total nitrogen (TN) removal were higher (52.8% and 46.8%, respectively, p < 0.05) during TW operation under aerated-condition. Additionally, qPCR analysis of 16S rRNA, nirS and nosZ genes revealed that intermittent induced aeration facilitates N-NO3 reduction by the stimulation of denitrifying bacteria in the TW biofilm (11.4% increase in nirS copies number/g cork sample, p < 0.05) as well as increasing the number of heterotrophic bacteria adhered to cork (25.5% increase in 16S rRNA copies number/g cork sample, p < 0.05). Moreover, SEM images demonstrated the suitability of cork as a resistant filter media for TW after long-term system operation (1.5 years). In conclusion, our results suggest that aeration improved ni- trogen compounds removal compared to the non-aerated period, without affecting phosphorous elimination. Additionally, residual cork is presented here in a circular bioeconomy view, as a suitable filling media to treat winery wastewater that can provide additional carbon source to increase C/N rate stimulating denitrification, as well as a reliable organic substrate for biomass growth.