Removing local extrema from imprecise terrains

Abstract

In this paper we consider imprecise terrains, that is, triangulated terrains with a vertical error interval in the vertices. In particular, we study the problem of removing as many local extrema (minima and maxima) as possible from the terrain; that is, fi nding an assignment of one height to each vertex, within its error interval, so that the resulting terrain has minimum number of local extrema. We show that removing only minima or only maxima can be done optimally in O(n log n) time, for a terrain with n vertices. Interestingly, however, the problem of fi nding a height assignment that minimizes the total number of local extrema (minima as well as maxima) is NP-hard, and is even hard to approximate within a factor of O(log log n) unless P = NP. Moreover, we show that even a simpli ed version of the problem where we can have only three di fferent types of intervals for the vertices is already NP-hard, a result we obtain by proving hardness of a special case of 2-Disjoint Connected Subgraphs, a problem that has lately received considerable attention from the graph-algorithms community.