http://hdl.handle.net/2117/4013 Wed, 22 May 2013 05:36:50 GMT 2013-05-22T05:36:50Z webmaster.bupc@upc.edu Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Servei de Biblioteques i Documentació no http://hdl.handle.net/2117/16259 Title: Rehabilitación energética de edificios escolares en clima mediterráneo: caso de estudio, Barcelona Authors: Bosch González, Montserrat; Rodríguez Cantalapiedra, Inma; Álvarez del Castillo, Javier Abstract: necesidad de reducir el consumo energético se hace cada día más evidente, especialmente en Europa debido a su situación de dependencia energética de países externos a la Unión y también por razones relacionadas con el impacto ambiental y las emisiones asociadas. En este contexto, la rehabilitación energética de edificios es una línea de trabajo prioritaria que actúa sobre el parque edificado, y los edificios públicos deben ser un modelo o ejemplo para impulsar este tipo de actuaciones. Los centros docentes, con un potencial de ahorro muy importante y con unos consumos energéticos asociados básicamente a dos grandes conceptos, la iluminación y la climatización, pueden considerarse como un laboratorio de investigación en cuanto a eficiencia energética. A partir de las experiencias adquiridas durante más de 10 años se ha desarrollado una metodología de análisis para la intervención en edificios docentes en Barcelona con los siguientes objetivos: definir los indicadores estratégicos para identificar las oportunidades de ahorro, evaluar las posibles medidas de reducción de consumos a partir de la limitación de la demanda, analizar y dar contenido al papel de cada uno de los actores que intervienen en las estrategias de uso y gestión de los edificios escolares y establecer los criterios que deben considerarse para realizar las futuras intervenciones de rehabilitación energética. El método, como manera de pensar ordenadamente, ha de permitir optimizar los recursos y descubrir les rutas de trabajo que nos conduzcan al objetivo final: reducir el consumo energético del parque edificado http://hdl.handle.net/2117/16259 Bosch González, Montserrat; Rodríguez Cantalapiedra, Inma; Álvarez del Castillo, Javier no necesidad de reducir el consumo energético se hace cada día más evidente, especialmente en Europa debido a su situación de dependencia energética de países externos a la Unión y también por razones relacionadas con el impacto ambiental y las emisiones asociadas. En este contexto, la rehabilitación energética de edificios es una línea de trabajo prioritaria que actúa sobre el parque edificado, y los edificios públicos deben ser un modelo o ejemplo para impulsar este tipo de actuaciones. Los centros docentes, con un potencial de ahorro muy importante y con unos consumos energéticos asociados básicamente a dos grandes conceptos, la iluminación y la climatización, pueden considerarse como un laboratorio de investigación en cuanto a eficiencia energética. A partir de las experiencias adquiridas durante más de 10 años se ha desarrollado una metodología de análisis para la intervención en edificios docentes en Barcelona con los siguientes objetivos: definir los indicadores estratégicos para identificar las oportunidades de ahorro, evaluar las posibles medidas de reducción de consumos a partir de la limitación de la demanda, analizar y dar contenido al papel de cada uno de los actores que intervienen en las estrategias de uso y gestión de los edificios escolares y establecer los criterios que deben considerarse para realizar las futuras intervenciones de rehabilitación energética. El método, como manera de pensar ordenadamente, ha de permitir optimizar los recursos y descubrir les rutas de trabajo que nos conduzcan al objetivo final: reducir el consumo energético del parque edificado http://hdl.handle.net/2117/19361 Title: Improvement of the manufacturing process of abrasive stones for honing Authors: Buj Corral, Irene; Vivancos Calvet, Joan Abstract: In the present work, the mixing process of different components of abrasive stones of cubic boron nitride used for rough honing was studied. Stones are made by the sintering process of abrasive grains, a metallic bond, and a humectant that favors covering of each abrasive grain by the bond. Incorrect mixing of abrasive grains with the bond and humectant can result in stones with nonuniform abrasive grain distribution. As the abrasive stone wears out, grain distribution will vary and modify efficiency of the honing operation. Tin is the metal having the lowest melting point among metals in the bond. By means of a scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis, tin segregation was discarded, which could have led to abrasive grain segregation. Later, mixing tests of the different components of the stones were performed at different mixing times Tue, 21 May 2013 13:10:14 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2117/19361 2013-05-21T13:10:14Z Buj Corral, Irene; Vivancos Calvet, Joan no Honing, Abrasive stone, Cubic boron nitride, Mixing In the present work, the mixing process of different components of abrasive stones of cubic boron nitride used for rough honing was studied. Stones are made by the sintering process of abrasive grains, a metallic bond, and a humectant that favors covering of each abrasive grain by the bond. Incorrect mixing of abrasive grains with the bond and humectant can result in stones with nonuniform abrasive grain distribution. As the abrasive stone wears out, grain distribution will vary and modify efficiency of the honing operation. Tin is the metal having the lowest melting point among metals in the bond. By means of a scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis, tin segregation was discarded, which could have led to abrasive grain segregation. Later, mixing tests of the different components of the stones were performed at different mixing times http://hdl.handle.net/2117/19161 Title: Estudio comparativo del conformado en caliente de un acero microaleado usando criterios termodinámicos continuos y criterios fenomenológicos Authors: Alcelay Larrión, José Ignacio; Al Omar Mesnaoui, Anas; Prado Pozuelo, José Manuel Abstract: En las últimas décadas, los mapas de procesado han sido ampliamente utilizados para diseñar, controlar y optimizar los procesos de conformado en caliente. En el presente trabajo, se presenta un estudio comparativo entre mapas de procesado elaborados usando criterios termodinámicos continuos y criterios fenomenológicos. Por ello, se llevaron a cabo ensayos de compresión en caliente en el rango de temperaturas 900 - 1150 ºC y de velocidades de deformación i: = 10-4 - 10 s-1 . El comportamiento en caliente del acero estudiado ha sido estudiado analizando las curvas de fluencia y la interacción entre el comportamiento microestructural y los parámetros de control del proceso de deformación. El estudio comparativo de los mapas de procesado muestra la diferencia entre las posiciones de los distintos dominios de deformación plástica, según el criterio de inestabilidad usado. Además, el análisis de dichos mapas indica que el acero estudiado no sufre ningún tipo de inestabilidad plástica . Sin embargo, los mapas correspondientes a la deformación ¡; = 0,6 revelan la existencia de un dominio de recristalización dinámica, considerado como el dominio más eficiente dentro de la región segura de procesado. Este dominio está centrado a 1150 ºC y 10 s·1.; In the last decades, processing maps have been widely used to design, control and optimize hot forming processes. In this paper, we present a comparative study of processing maps constructed using phenomenological and thermodynamic continuum criteria. Therefore, hot compression tests were carried out in the temperature and strain rate ranging from 900 to 1150 ºC and 10-• to 10 s-1. The hot deformation behavior of studied steel has been investigated analyzing the flow curves and the interaction between the microstructural behavior and parameters control of the deformation process. The comparative study of processing maps show the difference between the positions of plastic deformation domains predicted by the two instability criteria. The analysis of the maps indicates that the steel does not undergo any plastic instability. However, the maps corresponding to deformation E = 0,6 reveal the existence of a domain of dynamic recrystallization, considered the most efficient domain within the safe region processing. This domain is centered at 1150 ºC and 10 s-1. Fri, 10 May 2013 13:22:35 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2117/19161 2013-05-10T13:22:35Z Alcelay Larrión, José Ignacio; Al Omar Mesnaoui, Anas; Prado Pozuelo, José Manuel no En las últimas décadas, los mapas de procesado han sido ampliamente utilizados para diseñar, controlar y optimizar los procesos de conformado en caliente. En el presente trabajo, se presenta un estudio comparativo entre mapas de procesado elaborados usando criterios termodinámicos continuos y criterios fenomenológicos. Por ello, se llevaron a cabo ensayos de compresión en caliente en el rango de temperaturas 900 - 1150 ºC y de velocidades de deformación i: = 10-4 - 10 s-1 . El comportamiento en caliente del acero estudiado ha sido estudiado analizando las curvas de fluencia y la interacción entre el comportamiento microestructural y los parámetros de control del proceso de deformación. El estudio comparativo de los mapas de procesado muestra la diferencia entre las posiciones de los distintos dominios de deformación plástica, según el criterio de inestabilidad usado. Además, el análisis de dichos mapas indica que el acero estudiado no sufre ningún tipo de inestabilidad plástica . Sin embargo, los mapas correspondientes a la deformación ¡; = 0,6 revelan la existencia de un dominio de recristalización dinámica, considerado como el dominio más eficiente dentro de la región segura de procesado. Este dominio está centrado a 1150 ºC y 10 s·1. http://hdl.handle.net/2117/18732 Title: Enhancement in evaluating small group work in courses with large number of students. Machine theory at industrial engineering degrees Authors: Jordi Nebot, Lluïsa; Pàmies Vila, Rosa; Català Calderon, Pau; Puig Ortiz, Joan Tue, 09 Apr 2013 11:49:48 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2117/18732 2013-04-09T11:49:48Z Jordi Nebot, Lluïsa; Pàmies Vila, Rosa; Català Calderon, Pau; Puig Ortiz, Joan no http://hdl.handle.net/2117/18640 Title: Micro-mechanical damage in tool steels analyzed by acoustic emission technique Authors: Picas Anfruns, Ingrid; Martínez González, Eva; Casellas, Daniel; Romeu Garbí, Jordi Abstract: The carbides in tool steels act as hard particles and dictate the wear resistance. The origin of failure of these steels is mostly related with the carbide cracking, as a nucleation site of final cracks. This paper shows the acoustic emission (AE) signals related with the nucleation (carbide cracking) and the crack growth (in the metallic matrix) during a monotonic bending test of a tool steel obtained by ingot metallurgy routes (DIN 1.2379). The paper presents a relationship between the frequency spectrum of AE signals obtained and the microscopic images during the test. Fri, 05 Apr 2013 11:01:05 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2117/18640 2013-04-05T11:01:05Z Picas Anfruns, Ingrid; Martínez González, Eva; Casellas, Daniel; Romeu Garbí, Jordi no The carbides in tool steels act as hard particles and dictate the wear resistance. The origin of failure of these steels is mostly related with the carbide cracking, as a nucleation site of final cracks. This paper shows the acoustic emission (AE) signals related with the nucleation (carbide cracking) and the crack growth (in the metallic matrix) during a monotonic bending test of a tool steel obtained by ingot metallurgy routes (DIN 1.2379). The paper presents a relationship between the frequency spectrum of AE signals obtained and the microscopic images during the test. http://hdl.handle.net/2117/18544 Title: Self-video recording for the integration and assessment of generic competencies Authors: Masip Álvarez, Albert; Hervada Sala, Carme; Pàmies Gómez, Teresa; Arias Pujol, Antoni; Jaen Fernandez, Carles; Rodríguez Sorigué, M. Cristina; Romero Durán, David; Nejjari Akhi-Elarab, Fatiha; Álvarez del Castillo, María Dolores; Roca Lefler, Marta; Hernández Farràs, Jorge; Montferrer Liñan, Raul Abstract: This document presents the use of a self-video-recording service for the integration and assessment of certain generic competences (oral and written communication, teamwork and third (English) language) in all degree programs related to the Industrial area at the Terrassa School of Engineering (EET). The resulting service allows to carry out the assessment through active and collaborative learning methodologies using ICT as a support, becoming an educational resource where students are encouraged to evaluate their own activity, individually and in groups (co-evaluation), and with which the faculty can enhance certain sections of the syllabus while also evaluating generic competences. This paper outlines the rationale and design of the system based on self-recording-video that assists work on some generic competences. A preliminary experience has taken place and it has been carried out by volunteer students and some professors from the promoting team. It consisted of following all steps to obtain the video-recording as a result and fulfil the further assessment. Preparing the defence of the final project career, explaining the way a problem is faced are examples of use of the service endowed to assist the assessment of some generic competences. A good number of students and professors have participated in this preliminary experiment carried out on some subjects and in which oral effective communication will be assessed. A specific rubric for the assessment of generic competences has been used both for students and faculty. There is a summary of qualitative feedback from both students and instructors, and where several issues related to improving the self-assessment and self-video-recording system, are discussed. Finally, a survey is proposed, whose results will be helpful for its improvement. Tue, 02 Apr 2013 14:02:57 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2117/18544 2013-04-02T14:02:57Z Masip Álvarez, Albert; Hervada Sala, Carme; Pàmies Gómez, Teresa; Arias Pujol, Antoni; Jaen Fernandez, Carles; Rodríguez Sorigué, M. Cristina; Romero Durán, David; Nejjari Akhi-Elarab, Fatiha; Álvarez del Castillo, María Dolores; Roca Lefler, Marta; Hernández Farràs, Jorge; Montferrer Liñan, Raul no This document presents the use of a self-video-recording service for the integration and assessment of certain generic competences (oral and written communication, teamwork and third (English) language) in all degree programs related to the Industrial area at the Terrassa School of Engineering (EET). The resulting service allows to carry out the assessment through active and collaborative learning methodologies using ICT as a support, becoming an educational resource where students are encouraged to evaluate their own activity, individually and in groups (co-evaluation), and with which the faculty can enhance certain sections of the syllabus while also evaluating generic competences. This paper outlines the rationale and design of the system based on self-recording-video that assists work on some generic competences. A preliminary experience has taken place and it has been carried out by volunteer students and some professors from the promoting team. It consisted of following all steps to obtain the video-recording as a result and fulfil the further assessment. Preparing the defence of the final project career, explaining the way a problem is faced are examples of use of the service endowed to assist the assessment of some generic competences. A good number of students and professors have participated in this preliminary experiment carried out on some subjects and in which oral effective communication will be assessed. A specific rubric for the assessment of generic competences has been used both for students and faculty. There is a summary of qualitative feedback from both students and instructors, and where several issues related to improving the self-assessment and self-video-recording system, are discussed. Finally, a survey is proposed, whose results will be helpful for its improvement. http://hdl.handle.net/2117/18505 Title: Valoración del daño corporal en personas afectadas de secuelas neurológicas Authors: Peña Pitarch, Esteve; Ticó Falguera, Neus Abstract: Objetivo: Mostrar un nuevo sistema para simular la recuperación inicial de las funciones de la extremidad superior los primeros días después del ictus y simular la recuperación funcional de los pacientes bajo los programas de rehabilitación. Pacientes y metodología: Seleccionamos 29 pacientes en los primeros cuatro días después de padecer un ictus, valorados a los tres y siete días y uno, tres y seis meses, recogiendo tipo de ictus, clasificación (escala de Oxford), déficit neurológico (escala de NIHSS), medidas de discapacidad, valoración de la función motora de la extremidad superior (escala de Fugl-Meyer), tono muscular y balance muscular de la extremidad superior. Resultados: Los pacientes que presentaron un tono muscular disminuido tuvieron más dificultad en mejorar el control motor de las articulaciones de la extremidad superior. Los pacientes TACI presentaron mayor déficit neurológico, mientras que los tipos de ictus POCI y LACI tenían una función motora mejor con mayor independencia para el desarrollo de sus actividades de la vida diaria. Conclusión: La simulación virtual del brazo y la mano en pacientes afectados por un ictus proporciona a los médicos y fisioterapeutas una nueva herramienta que permite simular la evolución de los déficits en algunos pacientes. Fri, 22 Mar 2013 16:16:33 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2117/18505 2013-03-22T16:16:33Z Peña Pitarch, Esteve; Ticó Falguera, Neus no Objetivo: Mostrar un nuevo sistema para simular la recuperación inicial de las funciones de la extremidad superior los primeros días después del ictus y simular la recuperación funcional de los pacientes bajo los programas de rehabilitación. Pacientes y metodología: Seleccionamos 29 pacientes en los primeros cuatro días después de padecer un ictus, valorados a los tres y siete días y uno, tres y seis meses, recogiendo tipo de ictus, clasificación (escala de Oxford), déficit neurológico (escala de NIHSS), medidas de discapacidad, valoración de la función motora de la extremidad superior (escala de Fugl-Meyer), tono muscular y balance muscular de la extremidad superior. Resultados: Los pacientes que presentaron un tono muscular disminuido tuvieron más dificultad en mejorar el control motor de las articulaciones de la extremidad superior. Los pacientes TACI presentaron mayor déficit neurológico, mientras que los tipos de ictus POCI y LACI tenían una función motora mejor con mayor independencia para el desarrollo de sus actividades de la vida diaria. Conclusión: La simulación virtual del brazo y la mano en pacientes afectados por un ictus proporciona a los médicos y fisioterapeutas una nueva herramienta que permite simular la evolución de los déficits en algunos pacientes. http://hdl.handle.net/2117/18352 Title: Experiences in Agile R&D Project Management for New Product Design and Development in the Automotive Industry Authors: Rodríguez Gutiérrez, Rodulfo; Minguella Canela, Joaquim; Fenollosa i Artés, Felip; Ventayol Femenias, Bartomeu; Santos López, M. Antonia de los Abstract: In the past 20 years technology has advanced at incredible speed. Product life cycle has decreased tremendously. Innovation in product and process has become essential for companies’ survival. Products are not longer simple, they integrate different and new technologies and therefore manufacturing process is evolving towards intelligent, virtual, sustainable and high performance factories. In spite of all these changes in manufacturing, R&D project management has not evolved at the same pace. The authors have approached a new way of conducting R&D projects that can integrate IT Agile Project Management and Innovation Management best practices. As a result the present paperformulates a methodology for agile new product and process development that can match the actual product cycle development requirements, shortening project life cycles but keeping space for innovation and creativity. The methodology has been applied in R&D projects for the automotive industry to develop new automated manufacturing cells for production lines. The experience allowed to identify the key processes with more risk during the project execution and helped us to gather information to keep improving the methodology. Fri, 15 Mar 2013 14:39:18 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2117/18352 2013-03-15T14:39:18Z Rodríguez Gutiérrez, Rodulfo; Minguella Canela, Joaquim; Fenollosa i Artés, Felip; Ventayol Femenias, Bartomeu; Santos López, M. Antonia de los no In the past 20 years technology has advanced at incredible speed. Product life cycle has decreased tremendously. Innovation in product and process has become essential for companies’ survival. Products are not longer simple, they integrate different and new technologies and therefore manufacturing process is evolving towards intelligent, virtual, sustainable and high performance factories. In spite of all these changes in manufacturing, R&D project management has not evolved at the same pace. The authors have approached a new way of conducting R&D projects that can integrate IT Agile Project Management and Innovation Management best practices. As a result the present paperformulates a methodology for agile new product and process development that can match the actual product cycle development requirements, shortening project life cycles but keeping space for innovation and creativity. The methodology has been applied in R&D projects for the automotive industry to develop new automated manufacturing cells for production lines. The experience allowed to identify the key processes with more risk during the project execution and helped us to gather information to keep improving the methodology. http://hdl.handle.net/2117/18336 Title: Desarrollo de una herramienta de selección de procesos de fabricación basada en técnicas de Inteligencia Artificial Authors: Munguía Valenzuela, Francisco Javier; Minguella Canela, Joaquim Abstract: La gran cantidad de procesos de fabricación con los que cuentan actualmente tanto ingenieros como diseñadores industriales hace necesaria la utilización de sistemas basados en ordenador como sistemas de análisis y selección de procesos tipo CAE o CAPP. Aunque la selección de alternativas de fabricación es una tarea trivial para centros con una variedad limitada de tecnologías o bien para profesionales con un alto nivel de especialización en un reducido número de procesos, el proceso de selección no resulta tan trivial cuando lo que interesa analizar son nuevas tecnologías o procesos para los cuales no existe el conocimiento práctico necesario. El presente trabajo en marcado en el proyecto MAQMA se encarga de modelar un sistema concurrente para la evaluación de procesos de Rapid Manufacturing apoyado en técnicas de inteligencia artificial como redes neuronales, lógica difusa y sistemas expertos. Se presentará la aplicación piloto a fin de ilustrar el funcionamiento de dichas herramientas en un sistema integrado para facilitar las decisiones en este innovador campo de la fabricación. Fri, 15 Mar 2013 09:59:33 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2117/18336 2013-03-15T09:59:33Z Munguía Valenzuela, Francisco Javier; Minguella Canela, Joaquim no La gran cantidad de procesos de fabricación con los que cuentan actualmente tanto ingenieros como diseñadores industriales hace necesaria la utilización de sistemas basados en ordenador como sistemas de análisis y selección de procesos tipo CAE o CAPP. Aunque la selección de alternativas de fabricación es una tarea trivial para centros con una variedad limitada de tecnologías o bien para profesionales con un alto nivel de especialización en un reducido número de procesos, el proceso de selección no resulta tan trivial cuando lo que interesa analizar son nuevas tecnologías o procesos para los cuales no existe el conocimiento práctico necesario. El presente trabajo en marcado en el proyecto MAQMA se encarga de modelar un sistema concurrente para la evaluación de procesos de Rapid Manufacturing apoyado en técnicas de inteligencia artificial como redes neuronales, lógica difusa y sistemas expertos. Se presentará la aplicación piloto a fin de ilustrar el funcionamiento de dichas herramientas en un sistema integrado para facilitar las decisiones en este innovador campo de la fabricación. http://hdl.handle.net/2117/18093 Title: Prediction of the force of the ball-burnishing, physical model Authors: González Rojas, Hernan Alberto; Travieso Rodriguez, Jose Antonio Abstract: En este artículo se desarrolla un modelo físico para predecir la fuerza en el bruñido con bola. El modelo está construido en base a la teoría de la plasticidad. En el desarrollo del modelo se ha encontrado el número adimesional B que caracteriza el problema de deformación plástica en el bruñido con bola. Los experimentos realizados en acero y aluminio permiten validar el modelo y destacar la correcta predicción de las tendencias de comportamiento del bruñido con bola. Wed, 06 Mar 2013 11:46:19 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2117/18093 2013-03-06T11:46:19Z González Rojas, Hernan Alberto; Travieso Rodriguez, Jose Antonio no En este artículo se desarrolla un modelo físico para predecir la fuerza en el bruñido con bola. El modelo está construido en base a la teoría de la plasticidad. En el desarrollo del modelo se ha encontrado el número adimesional B que caracteriza el problema de deformación plástica en el bruñido con bola. Los experimentos realizados en acero y aluminio permiten validar el modelo y destacar la correcta predicción de las tendencias de comportamiento del bruñido con bola. http://hdl.handle.net/2117/18060 Title: Estimació d’estats i de paràmetres en sistemes mecànics. Aplicació pràctica del filtre de Kalman Authors: Veciana Fontanet, Joaquim Maria; Cardona Foix, Salvador Tue, 05 Mar 2013 11:27:31 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2117/18060 2013-03-05T11:27:31Z Veciana Fontanet, Joaquim Maria; Cardona Foix, Salvador no http://hdl.handle.net/2117/18040 Title: Pedestrian injury analysis: field data vs. laboratory experiments Authors: Kerrigan, Jason; Arregui Dalmases, Carlos; Foster, Jon; Crandall, Jeff; Rizzo, Anne Abstract: This study aims to present all of the injuries sustained by 17 post-mortem human surrogates(PMHS)tested in vehicle-pedestrian impact experiments and explore the injuries, their sources, mechanisms and clinical relevance by comparing them to injuries sustained by 24 PMHS from previous literature and by the pedestrians that were entered into a recent in-depth database of vehicle pedestrian crashes. The 17 PMHS were tested in lateral impact by one of five late model production vehicles at 40 km/h in a controlled laboratory setting and all of their injuries were examined in detail. The Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network CIREN) program enrolled 67 US vehicle‐pedestrian crash cases between 2002 and 2007, and in-depth analysis of the pedestrians’injuries, injury mechanisms and sources was conducted by a team of biomechanical engineers, crash investigators and trauma physicians. The PMHS tests resulted in greater frequency and severity of spinal injuries, pelvic injuries and knee injuries than in the case studies, partially due to age and bone quality of the PMHS, and partially due to the effect of active musculature. Both the PMHS and the case studies showed that sustaining a knee or leg injury in one lower extremity protects against sustaining a concomitant leg or knee injury to the same lower extremity. Mon, 04 Mar 2013 11:13:29 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2117/18040 2013-03-04T11:13:29Z Kerrigan, Jason; Arregui Dalmases, Carlos; Foster, Jon; Crandall, Jeff; Rizzo, Anne no This study aims to present all of the injuries sustained by 17 post-mortem human surrogates(PMHS)tested in vehicle-pedestrian impact experiments and explore the injuries, their sources, mechanisms and clinical relevance by comparing them to injuries sustained by 24 PMHS from previous literature and by the pedestrians that were entered into a recent in-depth database of vehicle pedestrian crashes. The 17 PMHS were tested in lateral impact by one of five late model production vehicles at 40 km/h in a controlled laboratory setting and all of their injuries were examined in detail. The Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network CIREN) program enrolled 67 US vehicle‐pedestrian crash cases between 2002 and 2007, and in-depth analysis of the pedestrians’injuries, injury mechanisms and sources was conducted by a team of biomechanical engineers, crash investigators and trauma physicians. The PMHS tests resulted in greater frequency and severity of spinal injuries, pelvic injuries and knee injuries than in the case studies, partially due to age and bone quality of the PMHS, and partially due to the effect of active musculature. Both the PMHS and the case studies showed that sustaining a knee or leg injury in one lower extremity protects against sustaining a concomitant leg or knee injury to the same lower extremity. http://hdl.handle.net/2117/17955 Title: Synthesis of displacement functions by Bézier curves in constant-breadth cams with parallel flat-faced translating and oscillating followers Authors: Cardona Foix, Salvador; Zayas Figueras, Enrique Ernesto; Jordi Nebot, Lluïsa; Català Calderon, Pau Abstract: The constant-breadth cam mechanisms, which drive a parallel flat-faced double follower, are desmodromic, and guarantee global bilaterality. In the said mechanisms, the law of displacement of the follower can only be freely designed for an interval of the rotation angle of the cam – the designed segment – close or equal to 180°, and the remaining interval – the calculated segment – is obtained through calculation from the first. Guaranteeing the continuity between segments is not a trivial task. This work shows a design procedure which guarantees automatically the global continuity of the law of displacement. This procedure provides the expressions of calculation for both parallel flat-faced double translating follower and parallel flat-faced double oscillating follower. Non-parametric Bézier curves are used for the definition of the displacement functions. For both types of followers, two numerical examples of the design of the displacement functions are given. Furthermore, the corresponding cam profiles are provided. Mon, 25 Feb 2013 10:56:13 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2117/17955 2013-02-25T10:56:13Z Cardona Foix, Salvador; Zayas Figueras, Enrique Ernesto; Jordi Nebot, Lluïsa; Català Calderon, Pau no The constant-breadth cam mechanisms, which drive a parallel flat-faced double follower, are desmodromic, and guarantee global bilaterality. In the said mechanisms, the law of displacement of the follower can only be freely designed for an interval of the rotation angle of the cam – the designed segment – close or equal to 180°, and the remaining interval – the calculated segment – is obtained through calculation from the first. Guaranteeing the continuity between segments is not a trivial task. This work shows a design procedure which guarantees automatically the global continuity of the law of displacement. This procedure provides the expressions of calculation for both parallel flat-faced double translating follower and parallel flat-faced double oscillating follower. Non-parametric Bézier curves are used for the definition of the displacement functions. For both types of followers, two numerical examples of the design of the displacement functions are given. Furthermore, the corresponding cam profiles are provided. http://hdl.handle.net/2117/17950 Title: Low voltage capacitive and Ohmic RF-MEMS Switches Authors: Contreras Lizarraga, Adrián Arturo; Casals Terré, Jasmina; Pradell i Cara, Lluís; Giacomozzi, Flavio; Colpo, Sabrina; Iannacci, Jacopo; Ribó, Miquel Abstract: This work presents experimental results of capacitive and ohmic-contact RF-MEMS switches. The suspension has been designed to compensate stress-gradient effects, and to obtain low pull-in voltages. The measured actuation voltage is 12 V for devices with an air gap of 1.3 µm. The measured isolation of the capacitive switches is better than 20 dB for frequencies above 15 GHz, and better than 30 dB from 31 GHz up to 80 GHz according to simulations. The ohmic-contact switch can be used to control the odd mode in coplanar waveguide (CPW) reconfigurable multimodal circuits. The CPW odd-mode isolation of the ohmic-contact switch in its down state is better than 20 dB up to 8 GHz and better than 10 dB up to 30 GHz. Fri, 22 Feb 2013 15:49:08 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2117/17950 2013-02-22T15:49:08Z Contreras Lizarraga, Adrián Arturo; Casals Terré, Jasmina; Pradell i Cara, Lluís; Giacomozzi, Flavio; Colpo, Sabrina; Iannacci, Jacopo; Ribó, Miquel no This work presents experimental results of capacitive and ohmic-contact RF-MEMS switches. The suspension has been designed to compensate stress-gradient effects, and to obtain low pull-in voltages. The measured actuation voltage is 12 V for devices with an air gap of 1.3 µm. The measured isolation of the capacitive switches is better than 20 dB for frequencies above 15 GHz, and better than 30 dB from 31 GHz up to 80 GHz according to simulations. The ohmic-contact switch can be used to control the odd mode in coplanar waveguide (CPW) reconfigurable multimodal circuits. The CPW odd-mode isolation of the ohmic-contact switch in its down state is better than 20 dB up to 8 GHz and better than 10 dB up to 30 GHz. http://hdl.handle.net/2117/17868 Title: A RF-MEMS switchable CPW air-bridge Authors: Contreras, Adrián; Casals Terré, Jasmina; Pradell i Cara, Lluís; Giacomozzi, Flavio; Colpo, Sabrina; Iannacci, Jacopo; Ribó, Miquel Abstract: This work presents a new shunt-type ohmic contact RF-MEMS switch specifically designed as a switchable CPW air bridge. The switch can be used in coplanar waveguide (CPW) reconfigurable multimodal circuits, for a selective use of the CPW odd-mode. The bridge is anchored using folded-beam suspensions, in such a way that two points at each end of the bridge remain free to contact the ground planes of the CPW. The suspension has been designed to compensate stress gradients effects and to lower actuation voltage. In the actuated (ON) state, the switch isolation to the odd mode is better than 20dB up to 8GHz and 10dB up to 30GHz. Tue, 19 Feb 2013 09:39:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2117/17868 2013-02-19T09:39:00Z Contreras, Adrián; Casals Terré, Jasmina; Pradell i Cara, Lluís; Giacomozzi, Flavio; Colpo, Sabrina; Iannacci, Jacopo; Ribó, Miquel no This work presents a new shunt-type ohmic contact RF-MEMS switch specifically designed as a switchable CPW air bridge. The switch can be used in coplanar waveguide (CPW) reconfigurable multimodal circuits, for a selective use of the CPW odd-mode. The bridge is anchored using folded-beam suspensions, in such a way that two points at each end of the bridge remain free to contact the ground planes of the CPW. The suspension has been designed to compensate stress gradients effects and to lower actuation voltage. In the actuated (ON) state, the switch isolation to the odd mode is better than 20dB up to 8GHz and 10dB up to 30GHz.