http://hdl.handle.net/2117/3825 Tue, 21 May 2013 17:30:41 GMT 2013-05-21T17:30:41Z webmaster.bupc@upc.edu Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Servei de Biblioteques i Documentació no http://hdl.handle.net/2117/17656 Title: Current status of the 12 MeV UPC race-track microtron Authors: Koubychine Merkulov, Youri Alexandrovich; Berenguer Sau, Jordi; Crisol, A; Gonzalez, Xavier; Montoro López, Gabriel; Rigla Perez, Juan Pablo; Roure Fernández, Francisco; Carrillo, David; Garcia-Tabares, Luis; Toral, F; Lucas, J; Aloev, A.V.; Shvedunov, V.I. Abstract: A com­pact race-track mi­crotron (RTM) with the max­i­mal out­put en­er­gy 12 MeV is under con­struc­tion at the Uni­ver­si­tat Politècnica de Catalun­ya (UPC) in col­lab­o­ra­tion with the Sko­belt­syn In­sti­tute of Nu­cle­ar Physics of the Moscow State Uni­ver­si­ty, CIEMAT and a few Span­ish in­dus­tri­al com­pa­nies and med­i­cal cen­ters. The RTM end mag­nets are four-pole sys­tems with the mag­net­ic field cre­at­ed by a rare-earth per­ma­nent mag­net ma­te­ri­al. As a source of elec­trons a 3D off-ax­is elec­tron gun is used. These el­e­ments to­geth­er with a C-band ac­cel­er­at­ing struc­ture, dipole mag­nets, which allow to ex­tract the elec­tron beam with en­er­gy from 6 MeV to 12 MeV in 2 MeV step, and a fo­cus­ing quadrupole are placed in­side a vac­u­um cham­ber. We re­port on the cur­rent sta­tus of the tech­ni­cal de­sign and re­sults of tests of some of the com­po­nents. Tue, 12 Feb 2013 13:01:40 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2117/17656 2013-02-12T13:01:40Z Koubychine Merkulov, Youri Alexandrovich; Berenguer Sau, Jordi; Crisol, A; Gonzalez, Xavier; Montoro López, Gabriel; Rigla Perez, Juan Pablo; Roure Fernández, Francisco; Carrillo, David; Garcia-Tabares, Luis; Toral, F; Lucas, J; Aloev, A.V.; Shvedunov, V.I. no A com­pact race-track mi­crotron (RTM) with the max­i­mal out­put en­er­gy 12 MeV is under con­struc­tion at the Uni­ver­si­tat Politècnica de Catalun­ya (UPC) in col­lab­o­ra­tion with the Sko­belt­syn In­sti­tute of Nu­cle­ar Physics of the Moscow State Uni­ver­si­ty, CIEMAT and a few Span­ish in­dus­tri­al com­pa­nies and med­i­cal cen­ters. The RTM end mag­nets are four-pole sys­tems with the mag­net­ic field cre­at­ed by a rare-earth per­ma­nent mag­net ma­te­ri­al. As a source of elec­trons a 3D off-ax­is elec­tron gun is used. These el­e­ments to­geth­er with a C-band ac­cel­er­at­ing struc­ture, dipole mag­nets, which allow to ex­tract the elec­tron beam with en­er­gy from 6 MeV to 12 MeV in 2 MeV step, and a fo­cus­ing quadrupole are placed in­side a vac­u­um cham­ber. We re­port on the cur­rent sta­tus of the tech­ni­cal de­sign and re­sults of tests of some of the com­po­nents. http://hdl.handle.net/2117/17526 Title: Characterization of test results of the performance of additive manufacturing parts obtained by selective laser sintering processes incorporating glass and carbon fibres Authors: Roure Fernández, Francisco; Pastor Artigues, María Magdalena; Ferrer Ballester, Miquel; Minguella Canela, Joaquim; Uceda Molera, R.; Arjona Mora, A. Abstract: Selective Laser Sintering, and in general Additive Manufacturing Processes are becoming mature technologies; in the sense that after many years of market introduction there are some well-known manufacturers that provide fully operative systems that are even utilized for direct parts manufacturing. However, the parts final users are becoming more and more demanding, so they can integrate the AM parts in complex assemblies; thus increasing the materials requirements and the final part’s properties. Building into previous works on AM materials, the purpose of the present paper is to explore the properties yielded by the introduction of Glass short fibre randomly to polyamide and to assess the performance of the probe parts taking into consideration the AM manufacturing direction in the building platform and the Energy Density applyied to the operations. Folowing to a literature review, the paper first describes the statistical approach and the samples preparation. Then, the samples are characterized by tensile tests and the properties of the material are described for the different manufacturing strategies adopted. The outcomes of the work are highly applicable to the AM parts manufacture process, as the construction of parts in the building platform is usually dictated by the objective of optimizing the use of the total volume; thus implying that not all parts are manufactured in the same main construction direction. Tue, 29 Jan 2013 09:11:37 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2117/17526 2013-01-29T09:11:37Z Roure Fernández, Francisco; Pastor Artigues, María Magdalena; Ferrer Ballester, Miquel; Minguella Canela, Joaquim; Uceda Molera, R.; Arjona Mora, A. no Selective Laser Sintering, and in general Additive Manufacturing Processes are becoming mature technologies; in the sense that after many years of market introduction there are some well-known manufacturers that provide fully operative systems that are even utilized for direct parts manufacturing. However, the parts final users are becoming more and more demanding, so they can integrate the AM parts in complex assemblies; thus increasing the materials requirements and the final part’s properties. Building into previous works on AM materials, the purpose of the present paper is to explore the properties yielded by the introduction of Glass short fibre randomly to polyamide and to assess the performance of the probe parts taking into consideration the AM manufacturing direction in the building platform and the Energy Density applyied to the operations. Folowing to a literature review, the paper first describes the statistical approach and the samples preparation. Then, the samples are characterized by tensile tests and the properties of the material are described for the different manufacturing strategies adopted. The outcomes of the work are highly applicable to the AM parts manufacture process, as the construction of parts in the building platform is usually dictated by the objective of optimizing the use of the total volume; thus implying that not all parts are manufactured in the same main construction direction. http://hdl.handle.net/2117/16826 Title: Linear buckling analysis of perforated steel storage rack columns with the Finite Strip Method Authors: Casafont Ribera, Miguel; Pastor Artigues, María Magdalena; Bonada Bo, Jordi; Roure Fernández, Francisco; Peköz, Teoman Abstract: An investigation on the use of the Finite Strip Method (FSM) to calculate elastic buckling loads of perforated cold formed storage rack columns is presented. Nowadays, this calculation can be accurately performed by means of the Finite Element Method (FEM), because the effect of perforations can be explicitly considered in the analysis. However, the FSM is preferred in cold-formed steel design since it is implemented in much convenient and easy to use software. The problem with FSM is that holes cannot be easily modeled. In this paper, the concept of the reduced thickness of the perforated strip is applied to take into account their effect. A formulation is presented for the reduced thickness that has been calibrated with loads obtained in eigen-buckling FEM analyses. Its accuracy has been verified carrying out analyses on real rack columns with different end conditions Wed, 31 Oct 2012 18:35:08 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2117/16826 2012-10-31T18:35:08Z Casafont Ribera, Miguel; Pastor Artigues, María Magdalena; Bonada Bo, Jordi; Roure Fernández, Francisco; Peköz, Teoman no An investigation on the use of the Finite Strip Method (FSM) to calculate elastic buckling loads of perforated cold formed storage rack columns is presented. Nowadays, this calculation can be accurately performed by means of the Finite Element Method (FEM), because the effect of perforations can be explicitly considered in the analysis. However, the FSM is preferred in cold-formed steel design since it is implemented in much convenient and easy to use software. The problem with FSM is that holes cannot be easily modeled. In this paper, the concept of the reduced thickness of the perforated strip is applied to take into account their effect. A formulation is presented for the reduced thickness that has been calibrated with loads obtained in eigen-buckling FEM analyses. Its accuracy has been verified carrying out analyses on real rack columns with different end conditions http://hdl.handle.net/2117/16636 Title: Residual stresses and initial imperfections in non-linear analysis Authors: Pastor Artigues, María Magdalena; Bonada Bo, Jordi; Roure Fernández, Francisco; Casafont Ribera, Miguel Abstract: When non-linear finite element analysis (FEA) of cold-formed thin-walled steel sections subject to compression is carried out, an initial perturbation must be introduced in the model in order to trigger the failure due to instability. The most usual way is to introduce an equivalent initial imperfection in the model (conventional models) that includes the effects of geometric imperfections and residual stresses due to the roll-forming manufacturing process, possible loading eccentricity, etc. It is thought that results would be more accurate if the actual measured geometric imperfections and the actual residual stresses induced from manufacturing were introduced. This paper presents the determination of residual strains and stresses generated in the cold roll-forming process of a typical rack section (without perforations) from steel sheet, using FE simulation. The obtained residual elastic and plastic strains have then been incorporated in the model, and used as an initial strain state in the non-linear finite element analysis. The results obtained agree well with the experimental results for short and intermediate length columns, where the failure mode is predominately local and distortional. Thu, 04 Oct 2012 10:37:20 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2117/16636 2012-10-04T10:37:20Z Pastor Artigues, María Magdalena; Bonada Bo, Jordi; Roure Fernández, Francisco; Casafont Ribera, Miguel no When non-linear finite element analysis (FEA) of cold-formed thin-walled steel sections subject to compression is carried out, an initial perturbation must be introduced in the model in order to trigger the failure due to instability. The most usual way is to introduce an equivalent initial imperfection in the model (conventional models) that includes the effects of geometric imperfections and residual stresses due to the roll-forming manufacturing process, possible loading eccentricity, etc. It is thought that results would be more accurate if the actual measured geometric imperfections and the actual residual stresses induced from manufacturing were introduced. This paper presents the determination of residual strains and stresses generated in the cold roll-forming process of a typical rack section (without perforations) from steel sheet, using FE simulation. The obtained residual elastic and plastic strains have then been incorporated in the model, and used as an initial strain state in the non-linear finite element analysis. The results obtained agree well with the experimental results for short and intermediate length columns, where the failure mode is predominately local and distortional. http://hdl.handle.net/2117/16101 Title: A practial approach to study of fire resistance of a steel structure with open built-up members and columns Authors: Marimón Carvajal, Federico; Jiménez, Albert; Ferrer Ballester, Miquel Tue, 19 Jun 2012 11:01:05 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2117/16101 2012-06-19T11:01:05Z Marimón Carvajal, Federico; Jiménez, Albert; Ferrer Ballester, Miquel no http://hdl.handle.net/2117/15826 Title: An investigation on the design of steel storage rack columns via the direct strength method Authors: Casafont Ribera, Miguel; Pastor Artigues, María Magdalena; Roure Fernández, Francisco; Bonada Bo, Jordi; Peköz, Teoman Abstract: The paper presents an attempt to predict the load carrying capacity of perforated rack columns by means of the Direct Strength Method (DSM). The investigation is focused on two different issues: the prediction of the elastic buckling loads of members with multiple perforations, and the evaluation of the accuracy of the current DSM buckling curves when applied to rack columns. In relation to the first issue, a model for the calculation of the reduced thickness of the perforated strip to be used in finite strip buckling analysis is developed. Regarding the study of the DSM curves, it is demonstrated that they can be used to accurately determine the strength of rack cross-sections whose failure is governed by distortional buckling or global buckling (with no significant participation of local buckling). This is an interesting result because it will allow substituting the distortional buckling tests, that are currently carried out in the process of design of these columns, by a simple and easy to apply calculation procedure. Fri, 11 May 2012 08:36:10 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2117/15826 2012-05-11T08:36:10Z Casafont Ribera, Miguel; Pastor Artigues, María Magdalena; Roure Fernández, Francisco; Bonada Bo, Jordi; Peköz, Teoman no The paper presents an attempt to predict the load carrying capacity of perforated rack columns by means of the Direct Strength Method (DSM). The investigation is focused on two different issues: the prediction of the elastic buckling loads of members with multiple perforations, and the evaluation of the accuracy of the current DSM buckling curves when applied to rack columns. In relation to the first issue, a model for the calculation of the reduced thickness of the perforated strip to be used in finite strip buckling analysis is developed. Regarding the study of the DSM curves, it is demonstrated that they can be used to accurately determine the strength of rack cross-sections whose failure is governed by distortional buckling or global buckling (with no significant participation of local buckling). This is an interesting result because it will allow substituting the distortional buckling tests, that are currently carried out in the process of design of these columns, by a simple and easy to apply calculation procedure. http://hdl.handle.net/2117/14905 Title: Selection of the initial geometrical imperfection in nonlinear FE analysis of cold-formed steel rack columns Authors: Bonada Bo, Jordi; Casafont Ribera, Miguel; Roure Fernández, Francisco; Pastor Artigues, María Magdalena Abstract: This paper presents three methodologies to predict the load carrying capacity of cold formed steel rack columns via nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA). The column lengths are chosen in the range where the main failure is due to distortional buckling. It is demonstrated that for this range, to derive an accurate prediction of the ultimate load is more complex than for lengths where the main failure is local or global. The nonlinear analysis is carried out introducing an initial geometric imperfection on the upright. The three methodologies presented here allow for different imperfection shapes. The first one uses the critical mode shape (the first buckling mode). The second corresponds to an iterative methodology in which the shape that leads to the lowest ultimate load is used. These two first methodologies use exclusively the finite element method (FEM). The third one combines the finite element analysis with the generalised beam theory (GBT) in order to determine the modal participation of the FEM buckling mode and generate a particular combined geometric imperfection. To validate the predicted loads, the results of the three methodologies are compared with values obtained in experimental tests. Wed, 01 Feb 2012 11:48:21 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2117/14905 2012-02-01T11:48:21Z Bonada Bo, Jordi; Casafont Ribera, Miguel; Roure Fernández, Francisco; Pastor Artigues, María Magdalena no This paper presents three methodologies to predict the load carrying capacity of cold formed steel rack columns via nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA). The column lengths are chosen in the range where the main failure is due to distortional buckling. It is demonstrated that for this range, to derive an accurate prediction of the ultimate load is more complex than for lengths where the main failure is local or global. The nonlinear analysis is carried out introducing an initial geometric imperfection on the upright. The three methodologies presented here allow for different imperfection shapes. The first one uses the critical mode shape (the first buckling mode). The second corresponds to an iterative methodology in which the shape that leads to the lowest ultimate load is used. These two first methodologies use exclusively the finite element method (FEM). The third one combines the finite element analysis with the generalised beam theory (GBT) in order to determine the modal participation of the FEM buckling mode and generate a particular combined geometric imperfection. To validate the predicted loads, the results of the three methodologies are compared with values obtained in experimental tests. http://hdl.handle.net/2117/14894 Title: Failure mechanisms of curved trapezoidal steel sheeting Authors: Casafont Ribera, Miguel; Ferrer Ballester, Miquel; Marimón Carvajal, Federico Wed, 01 Feb 2012 10:01:38 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2117/14894 2012-02-01T10:01:38Z Casafont Ribera, Miguel; Ferrer Ballester, Miquel; Marimón Carvajal, Federico no http://hdl.handle.net/2117/14162 Title: Manual de buenas prácticas para fomentar el aprendizaje en las asignaturas de resistencia de materiales y estructuras Authors: Suárez Arroyo, Benjamín; Rivera Amores, Juan José; Ferrer Ballester, Miquel Abstract: El Manual está estructurado en tres grandes capítulos y unas consideraciones finales. Cada uno de estos capítulos trata aspectos diferentes pero complementarios. El primero nos introduce en el EEES, haciendo referencia a los diferentes modelos educativos y su incidencia en el entorno social. El segundo capítulo nos permite conocer propuestas formativas desarrolladas por diferentes profesores del Departamento de RMEE. El tercer capítulo enmarca todo lo que se ha comentado en los otros dos, mediante unas reflexiones estructuradas en cinco áreas que permiten entender cuál es el verdadero sentido de la propuesta EEES, cuál será el alcance de éste trabajo y como la afrontarán tanto los profesores como los estudiantes. Finalmente y como colofón encontramos unas consideraciones que hacen referencia a como la sociedad del siglo XXI afrontará estos cambios, tanto a nivel conceptual como estratégico. Fri, 02 Dec 2011 14:46:01 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2117/14162 2011-12-02T14:46:01Z Suárez Arroyo, Benjamín; Rivera Amores, Juan José; Ferrer Ballester, Miquel no El Manual está estructurado en tres grandes capítulos y unas consideraciones finales. Cada uno de estos capítulos trata aspectos diferentes pero complementarios. El primero nos introduce en el EEES, haciendo referencia a los diferentes modelos educativos y su incidencia en el entorno social. El segundo capítulo nos permite conocer propuestas formativas desarrolladas por diferentes profesores del Departamento de RMEE. El tercer capítulo enmarca todo lo que se ha comentado en los otros dos, mediante unas reflexiones estructuradas en cinco áreas que permiten entender cuál es el verdadero sentido de la propuesta EEES, cuál será el alcance de éste trabajo y como la afrontarán tanto los profesores como los estudiantes. Finalmente y como colofón encontramos unas consideraciones que hacen referencia a como la sociedad del siglo XXI afrontará estos cambios, tanto a nivel conceptual como estratégico. http://hdl.handle.net/2117/14081 Title: A wrench-sensitive touch pad based on a parallel structure Authors: Frigola Alcalde, Roger; Ros Giralt, Lluís; Roure Fernández, Francisco; Thomas, Federico Abstract: Many different robotic in-parallel structures have been conceived as six-component force sensors. In general, they perform well for most applications but, when accuracy is a must, two main limitations arise. First, in most designs, the legs are connected to the base and the platform through ball-and-socket joints. Although the dry friction in each of these joints can be individually neglected, the integrated effect of twelve such elements becomes noticeable. Second, dynamical measurements might not be very accurate because the natural resonance frequency of the used structures is quite low even for relatively small dimensions. This dynamical response can be obviously modified with a proper mechanical design, but this increases the complexity of the sensor. This paper discusses the design and implementation of a touch pad based on a 6-axis force sensor and shows how the above limitations degrade its behavior. Moreover, it is shown how using a tensegrity structure both problems could be alleviated because ball-and-socket joints can be substituted by point contacts and the resonance frequency of the structure can be controlled by adjusting the static tensions of the tendons. Fri, 25 Nov 2011 11:35:57 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2117/14081 2011-11-25T11:35:57Z Frigola Alcalde, Roger; Ros Giralt, Lluís; Roure Fernández, Francisco; Thomas, Federico no manipulators, robot dynamics robot kinematics PARAULES AUTOR: touch pad, force sensor, wrench sensor, tactile sensor Many different robotic in-parallel structures have been conceived as six-component force sensors. In general, they perform well for most applications but, when accuracy is a must, two main limitations arise. First, in most designs, the legs are connected to the base and the platform through ball-and-socket joints. Although the dry friction in each of these joints can be individually neglected, the integrated effect of twelve such elements becomes noticeable. Second, dynamical measurements might not be very accurate because the natural resonance frequency of the used structures is quite low even for relatively small dimensions. This dynamical response can be obviously modified with a proper mechanical design, but this increases the complexity of the sensor. This paper discusses the design and implementation of a touch pad based on a 6-axis force sensor and shows how the above limitations degrade its behavior. Moreover, it is shown how using a tensegrity structure both problems could be alleviated because ball-and-socket joints can be substituted by point contacts and the resonance frequency of the structure can be controlled by adjusting the static tensions of the tendons. http://hdl.handle.net/2117/12866 Title: Linear Buckling Analysis of Thin-Walled Members Combining the Generalised Beam Theory and the Finite Element Method Authors: Casafont Ribera, Miguel; Marimón Carvajal, Federico; Pastor Artigues, María Magdalena; Ferrer Ballester, Miquel Abstract: A finite element procedure to carry out linear buckling analysis of thin-walled members is developed on the basis of the existing Generalised Beam Theory (GBT) and constrained Finite Strip Method (cFSM). It allows designers to uncouple the buckling modes of a finite element model and, consequently, to calculate pure elastic buckling loads. The procedure can easily be applied to members with general boundary conditions subjected to compression or bending. The results obtained are rather accurate when compared to the values calculated via GBT and cFSM. As a consequence, it is demonstrated that linear buckling analyses can be performed with the Finite Element Method in a similar way as can be done with the existing GBT and cFSM procedures. Tue, 05 Jul 2011 07:12:44 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2117/12866 2011-07-05T07:12:44Z Casafont Ribera, Miguel; Marimón Carvajal, Federico; Pastor Artigues, María Magdalena; Ferrer Ballester, Miquel no A finite element procedure to carry out linear buckling analysis of thin-walled members is developed on the basis of the existing Generalised Beam Theory (GBT) and constrained Finite Strip Method (cFSM). It allows designers to uncouple the buckling modes of a finite element model and, consequently, to calculate pure elastic buckling loads. The procedure can easily be applied to members with general boundary conditions subjected to compression or bending. The results obtained are rather accurate when compared to the values calculated via GBT and cFSM. As a consequence, it is demonstrated that linear buckling analyses can be performed with the Finite Element Method in a similar way as can be done with the existing GBT and cFSM procedures. http://hdl.handle.net/2117/12650 Title: Perfiles metálicos con secciones abiertas de pared delgada Authors: Roure Fernández, Francisco; Pastor Artigues, María Magdalena; Bonada Bo, Jordi; Casafont Ribera, Miguel; Minguella Canela, Joaquim Wed, 25 May 2011 14:37:27 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2117/12650 2011-05-25T14:37:27Z Roure Fernández, Francisco; Pastor Artigues, María Magdalena; Bonada Bo, Jordi; Casafont Ribera, Miguel; Minguella Canela, Joaquim no http://hdl.handle.net/2117/12442 Title: An experimental investigation of distortional buckling of steel storage rack columns Authors: Casafont Ribera, Miguel; Pastor Artigues, María Magdalena; Roure Fernández, Francisco; Peköz, Teoman Mon, 02 May 2011 13:10:33 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2117/12442 2011-05-02T13:10:33Z Casafont Ribera, Miguel; Pastor Artigues, María Magdalena; Roure Fernández, Francisco; Peköz, Teoman no http://hdl.handle.net/2117/12057 Title: L'Evolució dels mètodes de càlcul d'estructures durant el segle XX: dels mètodes gràfics a la irrupció dels computadors Authors: Pons Poblet, Josep Maria; Torres Llinars, Lluís Abstract: The methods of calculation used in engineering, and specifically in structural design, have experienced a great development throughout the 20th century. From the manual methodologies to the present systems, mainly based on computer calculations, they have increased of unimaginable way the calculation capacity, as well as the precision, reliability and speed of calculation. The methods at the beginning of the century, that followed the previous graphical methods, with which they coexisted a long time, gave rise to iterative systems for solving equations. These methodologies evolved with the appearance of first computers, and the increase of the capacity of calculation, memory and speed, lead to an increase of the degree of sophistication and complexity of the used methods. In this article the basic characteristics of the evolution of the methods of analysis of structures and its implications for the professional and educational world are exposed. This evolution is exemplified through three significant methods: the graphical methods, the Cross method and the Finite Element Method Thu, 24 Mar 2011 19:01:27 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2117/12057 2011-03-24T19:01:27Z Pons Poblet, Josep Maria; Torres Llinars, Lluís no The methods of calculation used in engineering, and specifically in structural design, have experienced a great development throughout the 20th century. From the manual methodologies to the present systems, mainly based on computer calculations, they have increased of unimaginable way the calculation capacity, as well as the precision, reliability and speed of calculation. The methods at the beginning of the century, that followed the previous graphical methods, with which they coexisted a long time, gave rise to iterative systems for solving equations. These methodologies evolved with the appearance of first computers, and the increase of the capacity of calculation, memory and speed, lead to an increase of the degree of sophistication and complexity of the used methods. In this article the basic characteristics of the evolution of the methods of analysis of structures and its implications for the professional and educational world are exposed. This evolution is exemplified through three significant methods: the graphical methods, the Cross method and the Finite Element Method http://hdl.handle.net/2117/10738 Title: Design of cold-formed steel curved panels Authors: Casafont Ribera, Miguel; Ferrer Ballester, Miquel; Marimón Carvajal, Federico Thu, 23 Dec 2010 16:27:29 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2117/10738 2010-12-23T16:27:29Z Casafont Ribera, Miguel; Ferrer Ballester, Miquel; Marimón Carvajal, Federico no