http://hdl.handle.net/2117/4022 2013-06-20T04:45:24Z http://hdl.handle.net/2117/19573 Title: Polymeric soil anti-redeposition agent for washing synthetic fabrics Authors: Carrión Fité, Francisco Javier Abstract: The textile washing process consists basically of three stages: 1) removal of the soiling from the substrate, 2) suspension of the soiling in the washing bath, and 3) prevention of redeposition of the soiling on the substrate from which has just been removed. The soiling removed may be caught again on the substrate to a greater or lesser extent during the detergent process. This phenomenon constitutes the unwanted redeposition of that impurity on the substrate and polymers are added to prevent it. The redeposition of impurities must be prevented during the washing of synthetic fibres, such as polyester or acrylic, which have a compact crystalline structure. The purpose of this work is to ascertain the behavior of a polyethylene glycol polyester copolymer when used as a detergent additive to prevent redeposition of solid impurities during the washing of standard polyester and acrylic fabrics. That polymer was used in washing tests in the presence of an anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), and a non-ionic surfactant, fatty alcohol ethoxylate with 7 moles E.O., separately and in mixtures of both with varying proportions. The soiling applied was carbon black, as a solid impurity in washing. In order to explain the observed behavior, the electrical double layer of the fabrics was characterized, depending on the surfactants and the mixtures tested 2013-06-19T09:58:45Z http://hdl.handle.net/2117/19558 Title: Cement mortar composites reinforced with nano and micro-scale cellulose fibers Authors: Ardanuy Raso, Mònica; Claramunt Blanes, Josep; Ventura Casellas, Heura Abstract: This work presents the preparation and characterization of new cement mortars reinforced with conventional pulps at the micro-scale level and nanofibrillated cellulose fibers at the nano-scale level. The conventional pulps have been obtained by subjecting sisal fibers to a soft mechanical treatment and the nanofibrillated cellulose has been prepared by the application of a high intensity refining process. Based on the preliminary results of this research it can be concluded that to obtain cement mortar composites with high modulus, strength and toughness the combination of both scale cellulose fibers could be an interesting solution 2013-06-17T11:15:16Z http://hdl.handle.net/2117/19473 Title: Washing of cotton fabric in presence of bentonites Authors: Carrión Fité, Francisco Javier Abstract: The subject of this work is the influence of sodium bentonite along with the surfactants in ecological detergent, in view of its qualities of absorbency and fabric softening. Bentonite is a clay composed of different minerals, containing hydrated aluminium silicates and belonging to the montmorillonite family (smectite clays with a layered structure). The surfactants used were an anionic surfactant, namely sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), and the non-ionic surfactants, namely alkyl polyglucoside (APG), separately and in mixtures of the anionic and non-ionic surfactants in different proportions, in order to determine their influence on detergency, with a constant concentration of bentonite in the formulations in two different particle sizes. The softness of the washed cotton fabric was evaluated to ascertain the effectiveness of the bentonite as a softener, by means of a subjective touch test. Likewise, the possible loss of whiteness by the fabric due to absorption of the bentonite was evaluated 2013-05-31T12:05:18Z http://hdl.handle.net/2117/19356 Title: Effects of non-toxic solvent microemulsion in washing wool Authors: Carrión Fité, Francisco Javier Abstract: This work studies the detersive power and redeposition of impurities after washing standard wool fabrics with a non-toxic solvent microemulsion added to the conventional washing formulations in order improve the results of conventional washing. The solvent was dimethyl sulfoxide (DMS), emulsified and micro-dispersed with amphoteric surfactant. The fabric was washed using non-ionic surfactants, alcohol ethoxylate (AE-7) with 7 m. E.O. and an alkyl polyglucoside (APG). Detersive power was studied as function of those surfactants and their differing proportions in mixture. Detersive power was potentiated by addition sodium carbonate and sodium chloride as builders, and it was likewise studied under the influence of the salts with different water hardness used in the tests. A sequestering agent, DTPMP, was used to improve the results for detergency. The tensile strength and burst strength of the wool fabric washed with those surfactants and the microdispersed DMS with repeated washes was assessed. With those non-ionic surfactants used in the same programmed washing tests, the redeposition of a solid impurity, namely carbon black, during the washing was also studied, and a notable decrease of redeposition was attained with addition of the microemulsified DMS, which was also observed with the additional use of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (LAS). In order to predict the stability of the particles of carbon black and the particles of DMS in the washing bath, the size of those particles was determined 2013-05-20T09:29:34Z http://hdl.handle.net/2117/19033 Title: A new approach to the internal sizing of paper via biotechnological processes Authors: García Ubasart, Jordi; Roncero Vivero, María Blanca; Vidal Lluciá, Teresa Abstract: This work deals with the study of a new biotechnological procedure, employing laccase in combination with hydrophobic compounds, for the biomodification of fibres and the internal sizing of paper. Cellulose fibres from eucalyptus kraft pulp, unbleached and TCF bleached, were incubated with laccase, in combination with a series of hydrophobes. Laccase treatments of cellulose fibres with lauryl gallate conferred the lowest level of water penetration in handsheets. It was observed that the hydrophobization of paper was not possible using the hidrophobe alone. The coupling of lauryl gallate onto cellulose fibres was firstly denoted by kappa number analysis, and further demonstrated by IR spectroscopy. The internal sizing of paper proved to be effective regardless the lignin content of eucalyptus fibres 2013-04-29T12:35:29Z http://hdl.handle.net/2117/18998 Title: Effect of the laccase mediator system on the fibre properties of TCF bleached kraft pulp Authors: Cadena Chamorro, Edith Marleny; Cusola Aumedes, Oriol; Vidal Lluciá, Teresa; Torres López, Antonio Luis Abstract: The application of the laccase mediator system (L stage) to TCF bleached pulp from Eucalyptus globulus with a low residual lignin content provides useful information about its effect in the hexenuronic acids content, functional groups (carboxyl and carbonyl) and electrokinetic properties as ζ potential and surface charge. The use of laccase from Trametes villosa in combination with the mediator 1- hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) produces an oxidation of the cellulose to carbonyl groups, and reduced the amount of carboxyl groups present in TCF pulp through partial removal of hexenuronic acids from it. This result can open up new prospects for increasing brightness stability. Additionally, the laccase mediator system modifies the surface charge and ζ potential of the fibre suspension for the removal de ionizables groups in TCF pulp. The reduction of the carboxyl content additionally alters the charge on fibre surfaces; this may be useful with a view to reducing pulp processing costs since a decreased content in ionizable groups can be expected to reduce consumption of cationic additives used in the production of paper. As regards electrokinetic properties, the laccase mediator system reduces the ζ potential of fibre suspensions by acting on carboxylic and hexenuronic acids. The biomodification of the chemical composition of TCF pulp by the laccase mediator system causes no substantial changes in the properties of the refined pulp (ºSR, %WRV); this indicates that the L treatment does not affect development of the primary effects of refining, and also that it may have a side effect on the fibre-water system by decreasing the proportion of ionizable groups and altering the electrokinetic properties of the pulp 2013-04-26T09:16:28Z http://hdl.handle.net/2117/18544 Title: Self-video recording for the integration and assessment of generic competencies Authors: Masip Álvarez, Albert; Hervada Sala, Carme; Pàmies Gómez, Teresa; Arias Pujol, Antoni; Jaen Fernandez, Carles; Rodríguez Sorigué, M. Cristina; Romero Durán, David; Nejjari Akhi-Elarab, Fatiha; Álvarez del Castillo, María Dolores; Roca Lefler, Marta; Hernández Farràs, Jorge; Montferrer Liñan, Raul Abstract: This document presents the use of a self-video-recording service for the integration and assessment of certain generic competences (oral and written communication, teamwork and third (English) language) in all degree programs related to the Industrial area at the Terrassa School of Engineering (EET). The resulting service allows to carry out the assessment through active and collaborative learning methodologies using ICT as a support, becoming an educational resource where students are encouraged to evaluate their own activity, individually and in groups (co-evaluation), and with which the faculty can enhance certain sections of the syllabus while also evaluating generic competences. This paper outlines the rationale and design of the system based on self-recording-video that assists work on some generic competences. A preliminary experience has taken place and it has been carried out by volunteer students and some professors from the promoting team. It consisted of following all steps to obtain the video-recording as a result and fulfil the further assessment. Preparing the defence of the final project career, explaining the way a problem is faced are examples of use of the service endowed to assist the assessment of some generic competences. A good number of students and professors have participated in this preliminary experiment carried out on some subjects and in which oral effective communication will be assessed. A specific rubric for the assessment of generic competences has been used both for students and faculty. There is a summary of qualitative feedback from both students and instructors, and where several issues related to improving the self-assessment and self-video-recording system, are discussed. Finally, a survey is proposed, whose results will be helpful for its improvement. 2013-04-02T14:02:57Z http://hdl.handle.net/2117/17489 Title: Bleached dissolving pulps applying laccase treatments Authors: Quintana, Elisabet; Valls Vidal, Cristina; Roncero Vivero, María Blanca Abstract: A biobleaching sequence, using a laccase enzyme (Trametes Villosa) in combination with different mediators, was applied to softwood dissolving cellulose in order to study its bleaching efficiency and its potential in terms of kappa number, ISO brightness and viscosity. The tested mediators were classified as synthetic compounds such as HBT (1-hydroxybenzotriazole) and VA (violuric acid), and as natural compounds such as SA (syringaldehyde) and pCA (p-coumaric acid). The influence of the enzymatic stage in the bleaching sequence was compared with a control treatment and also with a conventional alkaline hydrogen peroxide stage. The contribution of L (laccasemediator) stage on the effluent properties is important for evaluating and minimizing its environmental impact. Therefore, effluent properties (COD, colour, residual enzyme activity and toxicity) were determined. Laccase-VA system showed the most promising results in reducing kappa number and increasing brightness without detriment to viscosity 2013-01-23T10:51:06Z http://hdl.handle.net/2117/17345 Title: Laccase-TEMPO oxidation of sisal pulp for improving paper strength properties: influence of the operating conditions Authors: Aracri, Elisabetta; Valls Vidal, Cristina; Vidal Lluciá, Teresa Abstract: The oxidation of a low lignin content sisal pulp by laccase-TEMPO system has been investigated and evaluated as potential approach for improving the paper strength properties. TEMPO mediated oxidation was found to cause the formation of aldehyde and carboxyl groups in proportions dependent on the particular reaction conditons. The treatment was performed in acetate buffer pH 5 at room temperature and the influence of process variables (viz laccase dose, TEMPO dose and reaction time)on the properties of the pulp and the resulting handsheets was assessed by using a three-variable sequential statistical plan. The increase of aldehyde groups was found to be closely aligned with enhanced wet strength which was ascribed to the formation of inter-fibre convalent bonding through hemiacetal linkages 2013-01-14T14:38:05Z http://hdl.handle.net/2117/17326 Title: Evaluation of durability to wet/dry cycling of cement mortar composites reinforced with nanofibrillated cellulose Authors: Ardanuy Raso, Mònica; Claramunt Blanes, Josep; Tolêdo Filho, Romidlo Dias Abstract: In this work, the evaluation of the durability to wet/dry cycling exposure of cement composites reinforced with nanofibrillated cellulose comparing the results with composites reinforced with conventional cellulose fibres at the micro-scale level has been performed. For this purpose, cement mortar composites reinforced with cellulose fibres from conventional sisal pulp and cellulose nanofibres prepared by the application of a high intensity refining process have been prepared. The mechanical performance of the composites prepared was tested after 7 days of cure treatment and after 5 wet/dry cycles. The cement mortar composites reinforced with the nanofibrillated cellulose exhibited higher flexural strenght and flexural modulus but lover values of fracture energy than the ones reinforced with the conventional sisal fibres. No significant improvements of the durability were found for the composites prepared with nanofibrillated cellulose 2013-01-14T11:17:25Z http://hdl.handle.net/2117/17290 Title: Comparison of the effects of corona and low pressure plasma on the release of caffeine from PA66 filaments Authors: Labay, Cédric Pierre; Canal Arias, José Ma; Navarro Sentanyes, Antonio; Canal Barnils, Cristina Abstract: Technical textiles for medical applications are a research expanding field. One of the added values of these materials can be suitable to contain and release active ingredients in a controlled manner. A possible alternative to obtain fabrics with controlled drug release properties could lie in the modification of fiber-active principle bonds, so that you get a proper release for each particular application. R & D currently developing drug delivery systems aims to achieve a controlled release of an active principle during a predetermined time. This is done in order to avoid the administration of several doses of drugs or cosmetic products and thus make the patient follow the therapy more easily. The influence of surface modification of fibers by low temperature plasma has been studied regarding the modification of the physical, chemical and topographical properties of the textile fibers. First studies evaluated the incorporation and release of anti-inflammatory and cosmetic drugs from different textile materials to evaluate the modulation of the drug release as the result of the surface modifications achieved by plasma treatment. The use of plasma technology to modulate the release of drugs is an original and innovative contribution. By altering the chemical bonds on the surface of textile fibers with plasma, the drug release kinetic profiles may be modified. 2013-01-14T09:53:44Z http://hdl.handle.net/2117/17271 Title: Colour matters: colour evaluation of textile and clothing Authors: Sato, Tetsuya; Kitaguchi, Saori; Kajiwara, Kanji; Koo, Kang; Kim, Samsoo; Park, Soonjee; Valldeperas Morell, José; Lis Arias, Manuel José; Xin, John; Hansuebsai, Aran; Nobbs, Jim Abstract: The colours of textiles and clothing induce our emotions. The emotions induced from the colour are made in our brains. The colour emotions affect our interests and actions. It is very difficult to know why the colour emotions affect them. However, it is important to know how the colour emotions affect them, because we can know what textile products should be produced. As related on this matter, some numerical expression of the colour impressions has been tried. This paper was summarized the numerical expressions and the cross-cultural comparison of colour emotions, using some published papers of our previous studies 2013-01-11T09:17:56Z http://hdl.handle.net/2117/16480 Title: Nanofibrillated cellulose as reinforcement for high performance cement mortar composites Authors: Ardanuy Raso, Mònica; Claramunt Blanes, Josep; Parés Sabatés, Ferran; Aracri, Elisabetta; Vidal Lluciá, Teresa Abstract: In this work, the preparation and characterization of new cement mortars reinforced with nanofibrillated cellulose fibres has been carried out. The effect of the fibre fibrillation degree on the mechanical performance of the obtained composites is presented and analyzed, taking into account the reinforcement final size depending on the intensity of the mechanical treatment applied. On the one hand, conventional pulps have been obtained by subjecting sisal fibres to a soft mechanical treatment and, on the other hand, nanofibrillated cellulose pulps have been prepared by the application of a high intensity refining process. These pulps were incorporated and homogenously dispersed in cement mortars, and subsequently, the resulting pastes were cured for 28 days. The mechanical performance of the different composites was determined by flexure tests 2012-09-13T09:11:54Z http://hdl.handle.net/2117/16451 Title: Paper functionalization by means of enzymatic surface treatments using hydrophobic compounds and lignosulfonates Authors: Cusola Aumedes, Oriol; García Ubasart, Jordi; Valls Vidal, Cristina; Vidal Lluciá, Teresa; Roncero Vivero, María Blanca Abstract: In the present work an innovative method for achieving enzymatic surface functionalization on finished paper sheets is presented. A commercial filter paper was surface sized with laccase derived from Trametes Villosa, Lauryl Gallate (LG) as hydrophobic compound, and soluble lignin. Moreover, this study shows the positive influence of sulfonated lignin (SL) acting as a dispersant improving the surface distribution of the LG along the paper sheet. The hydrophobic behavior of obtained sheets is comparable to the commercial ones. Hydrophobicity was measured by the water absorption test, and the variation in the contact angle through time was monitorized by a contact angle goniometer. Hydrophobized paper absorption was compared with Teflon® in order to determine the evaporated and absorbed water amounts from the paper surface. The treatment time, was also studied 2012-09-07T10:20:41Z http://hdl.handle.net/2117/16242 Title: Influence of the dye transfer inhibitors for the washing of softened cotton fabric Authors: Carrión Fité, Francisco Javier Abstract: In this work the performance of several DTI copolymers (PVP, PVNO and PVNO with PVP) was tested for use as dye transfer inhibitors in washing softened undyed cotton fabric, in the presence of a direct dye in the washing bath, with and without water hardness. Three direct dyes were tested: red, blue and yellow. The detergent used was composed of an LAS anionic surfactant and a non-ionic fatty alcohol ethoxylate surfactant with 7 m.OE, both separately and in the different molar proportions anionic with non ionic, at a total concentration of 5 x 10-3 M, and in the presence of zeolite as a builder. Washing temperature was 40ºC and washing time was 30 minutes. Staining of the softened undyed cotton fabric was assessed as the CIELAB colour differences between the original fabric and the stained fabric after washing.The different DTIs and the dye in the washing bath with and without water hardness were tested 2012-07-12T11:14:57Z