Capítols de llibre
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/3618
2024-03-19T04:51:53ZBiofunctional textiles with inclusion complexes of citronella oil with ß-Cyclodextrin
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/394658
Biofunctional textiles with inclusion complexes of citronella oil with ß-Cyclodextrin
Lis Arias, Manuel José; García Carmona, Óscar; García Carmona, Carlos; Maesta Bezerra, Fabricio
Integrated medication delivery systems in biofunctional textiles can aid in the battle against vector-borne illnesses. Instead of using DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-methylbenzamide), which has drawbacks such toxic responses and skin damage, you can utilize repellents made from plants and oils. However, according to some experts, there are instances where essential oils are useless because of issues with uncontrolled release. This study looked at how citronella oil (OC) complexed with -cyclodextrin (CD) controlled the behavior of cotton (COT) and polyester (PES) textiles. The findings show that coating cotton and polyester with -cyclodextrin complexes enables control over the essential oil's release mechanism from the fabric. Optical microscopy, SEM, and FTIR were used to evaluate the complexes created; UV spectroscopy was used to determine the yield of complex formation; and controlled release was carried out in vitro. Oil complexation with CD had a yield of 63.79%, and it was found that when applied to textiles, the release, which had previously been measured in seconds, had changed to hours. The findings indicate that complexes, when modified with chemical crosslinking agents, appear to offer a potential basis for immobilizing oils and regulating their release
2023-10-05T09:47:45ZLis Arias, Manuel JoséGarcía Carmona, ÓscarGarcía Carmona, CarlosMaesta Bezerra, FabricioIntegrated medication delivery systems in biofunctional textiles can aid in the battle against vector-borne illnesses. Instead of using DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-methylbenzamide), which has drawbacks such toxic responses and skin damage, you can utilize repellents made from plants and oils. However, according to some experts, there are instances where essential oils are useless because of issues with uncontrolled release. This study looked at how citronella oil (OC) complexed with -cyclodextrin (CD) controlled the behavior of cotton (COT) and polyester (PES) textiles. The findings show that coating cotton and polyester with -cyclodextrin complexes enables control over the essential oil's release mechanism from the fabric. Optical microscopy, SEM, and FTIR were used to evaluate the complexes created; UV spectroscopy was used to determine the yield of complex formation; and controlled release was carried out in vitro. Oil complexation with CD had a yield of 63.79%, and it was found that when applied to textiles, the release, which had previously been measured in seconds, had changed to hours. The findings indicate that complexes, when modified with chemical crosslinking agents, appear to offer a potential basis for immobilizing oils and regulating their releaseRecent study on production and evaluation of antimicrobial microcapsules with essential oils using complex coacervation
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/350982
Recent study on production and evaluation of antimicrobial microcapsules with essential oils using complex coacervation
López Hernández, Arianne; Lis Arias, Manuel José; Maesta Becerra, Fabricio; Vilaseca, Mercè; Vallès, Betina; Prieto, Remedios; Simó Cima, Mercedes
Nowadays, the needs and requirements to avoid infections during surgical operations, require to be
more imaginative than ever. The one-use textiles substrates that are used in hospitals can be, also, a
way to transport the antibacterial effect around the own building. This is the main objective of this
work; to use clothes and textiles surfaces as antibacterial systems using natural components.
Microencapsulation has shown in several occasions the effectivity to protect and vehiculize active
principles that can be used for medical treatments. In this case, essential oils have been used as
antimicrobial agent, that when combined with shell polymers based on Chitosan of different molecular
weight distribution and Arabic gum, allows them to act against Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria.
Chitosan has been shown to be a biopolymer with a wide range of applications and is highly
dependent on its molecular weight. The study of the efficiency of the final systems obtained present
high valuable possibilities, due to its character similar to hydrogels. The influence of the molecular
weight of biopolymers used, in a layer by layer approach (LbL), has been demonstrated and shows a
very promising way to state a clear control on the delivery mechanisms. The essential oil used has a
very volatile character formed by more than 40 components and with the help of FT-IR and TGA it has
been possible to corroborate that all its components were encapsulated. The impregnation of the
different samples to the tissue was successful and allowed the antibacterial study to be carried out,
which was carried out in duplicate on each sample and demonstrated that they have bacterial activity.
2021-09-09T13:13:55ZLópez Hernández, ArianneLis Arias, Manuel JoséMaesta Becerra, FabricioVilaseca, MercèVallès, BetinaPrieto, RemediosSimó Cima, MercedesNowadays, the needs and requirements to avoid infections during surgical operations, require to be
more imaginative than ever. The one-use textiles substrates that are used in hospitals can be, also, a
way to transport the antibacterial effect around the own building. This is the main objective of this
work; to use clothes and textiles surfaces as antibacterial systems using natural components.
Microencapsulation has shown in several occasions the effectivity to protect and vehiculize active
principles that can be used for medical treatments. In this case, essential oils have been used as
antimicrobial agent, that when combined with shell polymers based on Chitosan of different molecular
weight distribution and Arabic gum, allows them to act against Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria.
Chitosan has been shown to be a biopolymer with a wide range of applications and is highly
dependent on its molecular weight. The study of the efficiency of the final systems obtained present
high valuable possibilities, due to its character similar to hydrogels. The influence of the molecular
weight of biopolymers used, in a layer by layer approach (LbL), has been demonstrated and shows a
very promising way to state a clear control on the delivery mechanisms. The essential oil used has a
very volatile character formed by more than 40 components and with the help of FT-IR and TGA it has
been possible to corroborate that all its components were encapsulated. The impregnation of the
different samples to the tissue was successful and allowed the antibacterial study to be carried out,
which was carried out in duplicate on each sample and demonstrated that they have bacterial activity.Diffusional approach on electrospun PLLA membranes for caffeine delivery
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/345493
Diffusional approach on electrospun PLLA membranes for caffeine delivery
Serafini Immich, Ana; Tornero García, José Antonio; Cano Casas, Francesc; Lis Arias, Manuel José
One of the great advantages of electrospun fibers is the large tridimensional area produced, capable of storing any type of material. The aim of our investigation is to study the electrospinning technique to produce polymer membranes for drug delivery applications, given their large surface area and ability to transport a bioactive compound. A mathematical modeling of the delivery system kinetics was also studied to find the mechanism that controls the releasing process. Results showed that electrospinning could provide regular and smooth membranes suitable for drug delivery processes. The choice of a proper solvent for this process was an important parameter analyzed, because it determined whether fibers were capable of forming, as well as influencing fiber porosity. The mathematical modeling also proved that thicker PLLA membranes exhibited a Fickian diffusion behavior during the drug transport, presenting better control in drug delivery processes
2021-05-12T10:41:56ZSerafini Immich, AnaTornero García, José AntonioCano Casas, FrancescLis Arias, Manuel JoséOne of the great advantages of electrospun fibers is the large tridimensional area produced, capable of storing any type of material. The aim of our investigation is to study the electrospinning technique to produce polymer membranes for drug delivery applications, given their large surface area and ability to transport a bioactive compound. A mathematical modeling of the delivery system kinetics was also studied to find the mechanism that controls the releasing process. Results showed that electrospinning could provide regular and smooth membranes suitable for drug delivery processes. The choice of a proper solvent for this process was an important parameter analyzed, because it determined whether fibers were capable of forming, as well as influencing fiber porosity. The mathematical modeling also proved that thicker PLLA membranes exhibited a Fickian diffusion behavior during the drug transport, presenting better control in drug delivery processesReactive processing and functionalization of ground tire rubber
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/330473
Reactive processing and functionalization of ground tire rubber
Zedler, Lukasz; Przybysz, Marta; Hejna, Aleksander; Colom Fajula, Xavier; Cañavate Ávila, Francisco Javier; Saeb, Mohammad Reza; Formela, Krzysztof
The dynamic development of the automotive industry resulted in a significant increase in rubber wastes, especially end-of-life tires, which are a serious threat to the natural environment and human health. This situation has enforced the industry and academic research groups to search new and cost-effective methods for recycling waste tires. In this field of research, reactive processing and functionalization seem to be a very promising approach to extend recycling and the ‘up-cycling’ of ground tire rubber. This chapter presents recent progress in the modification of waste rubber and valorization strategies with special attention on structure-properties relationships of the products obtained
2020-10-20T09:28:42ZZedler, LukaszPrzybysz, MartaHejna, AleksanderColom Fajula, XavierCañavate Ávila, Francisco JavierSaeb, Mohammad RezaFormela, KrzysztofThe dynamic development of the automotive industry resulted in a significant increase in rubber wastes, especially end-of-life tires, which are a serious threat to the natural environment and human health. This situation has enforced the industry and academic research groups to search new and cost-effective methods for recycling waste tires. In this field of research, reactive processing and functionalization seem to be a very promising approach to extend recycling and the ‘up-cycling’ of ground tire rubber. This chapter presents recent progress in the modification of waste rubber and valorization strategies with special attention on structure-properties relationships of the products obtainedBeta-cyclodextrines in textile industry
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/330365
Beta-cyclodextrines in textile industry
Lis Arias, Manuel José
ß-Cyclodextrin (ß-CD) is an oligosaccharide composed of seven units of D-(+)-glucopyranose joined by a- 1,4 bonds, which is obtained from starch. Its singular trunk conical shape organization, with a well-defined cavity, provides an adequate environment for several types of molecules to be included. Complexation changes the properties of the guest molecules and can increase their stability and bioavailability, protecting against degradation, and reducing their volatility. Thanks to its versatility, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, ß-CD is widespread in many research and industrial applications. In this review, we summarize the role of ß-CD and its derivatives in the textile industry. First, we present some general physicochemical characteristics, followed by its application in the areas of dyeing, finishing, and wastewater treatment. The review covers the role of ß-CD as an auxiliary agent in dyeing, and as a matrix for dye adsorption until chemical modifications are applied as a finishing agent. Finally, new perspectives about its use in textiles, such as in smart materials for microbial control, are presented
2020-10-16T11:41:10ZLis Arias, Manuel Joséß-Cyclodextrin (ß-CD) is an oligosaccharide composed of seven units of D-(+)-glucopyranose joined by a- 1,4 bonds, which is obtained from starch. Its singular trunk conical shape organization, with a well-defined cavity, provides an adequate environment for several types of molecules to be included. Complexation changes the properties of the guest molecules and can increase their stability and bioavailability, protecting against degradation, and reducing their volatility. Thanks to its versatility, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, ß-CD is widespread in many research and industrial applications. In this review, we summarize the role of ß-CD and its derivatives in the textile industry. First, we present some general physicochemical characteristics, followed by its application in the areas of dyeing, finishing, and wastewater treatment. The review covers the role of ß-CD as an auxiliary agent in dyeing, and as a matrix for dye adsorption until chemical modifications are applied as a finishing agent. Finally, new perspectives about its use in textiles, such as in smart materials for microbial control, are presentedVehiculation of active principles as a way to create smart and biofunctional textiles
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/330166
Vehiculation of active principles as a way to create smart and biofunctional textiles
Lis Arias, Manuel José; Coderch, Luisa; Martí, Meritxell; Alonso, Cristina; García Carmona, Óscar; García Carmona, Carlos; Maesta Bezerra, Fabricio
In some specific fields of application (e.g., cosmetics, pharmacy), textile substrates need to incorporate sensible molecules (active principles) that can be affected if they are sprayed freely on the surface of fabrics. The effect is not controlled and sometimes this application is consequently neglected. Microencapsulation and functionalization using biocompatible vehicles and polymers has recently been demonstrated as an interesting way to avoid these problems. The use of defined structures (polymers) that protect the active principle allows controlled drug delivery and regulation of the dosing in every specific case. Many authors have studied the use of three different methodologies to incorporate active principles into textile substrates, and assessed their quantitative behavior. Citronella oil, as a natural insect repellent, has been vehicularized with two different protective substances; cyclodextrine (CD), which forms complexes with it, and microcapsules of gelatin-arabic gum. The retention capability of the complexes and microcapsules has been assessed using an in vitro experiment. Structural characteristics have been evaluated using thermogravimetric methods and microscopy. The results show very interesting long-term capability of dosing and promising applications for home use and on clothes in environmental conditions with the need to fight against insects. Ethyl hexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC) and gallic acid (GA) have both been vehicularized using two liposomic-based structures: Internal wool lipids (IWL) and phosphatidylcholine (PC). They were applied on polyamide and cotton substrates and the delivery assessed. The amount of active principle in the different layers of skin was determined in vitro using a Franzcell diffusion chamber. The results show many new possibilities for application in skin therapeutics. Biofunctional devices with controlled functionality can be built using textile substrates and vehicles. As has been demonstrated, their behavior can be assessed using in vitro methods that make extrapolation to their final applications possible
2020-10-13T13:07:41ZLis Arias, Manuel JoséCoderch, LuisaMartí, MeritxellAlonso, CristinaGarcía Carmona, ÓscarGarcía Carmona, CarlosMaesta Bezerra, FabricioIn some specific fields of application (e.g., cosmetics, pharmacy), textile substrates need to incorporate sensible molecules (active principles) that can be affected if they are sprayed freely on the surface of fabrics. The effect is not controlled and sometimes this application is consequently neglected. Microencapsulation and functionalization using biocompatible vehicles and polymers has recently been demonstrated as an interesting way to avoid these problems. The use of defined structures (polymers) that protect the active principle allows controlled drug delivery and regulation of the dosing in every specific case. Many authors have studied the use of three different methodologies to incorporate active principles into textile substrates, and assessed their quantitative behavior. Citronella oil, as a natural insect repellent, has been vehicularized with two different protective substances; cyclodextrine (CD), which forms complexes with it, and microcapsules of gelatin-arabic gum. The retention capability of the complexes and microcapsules has been assessed using an in vitro experiment. Structural characteristics have been evaluated using thermogravimetric methods and microscopy. The results show very interesting long-term capability of dosing and promising applications for home use and on clothes in environmental conditions with the need to fight against insects. Ethyl hexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC) and gallic acid (GA) have both been vehicularized using two liposomic-based structures: Internal wool lipids (IWL) and phosphatidylcholine (PC). They were applied on polyamide and cotton substrates and the delivery assessed. The amount of active principle in the different layers of skin was determined in vitro using a Franzcell diffusion chamber. The results show many new possibilities for application in skin therapeutics. Biofunctional devices with controlled functionality can be built using textile substrates and vehicles. As has been demonstrated, their behavior can be assessed using in vitro methods that make extrapolation to their final applications possibleVehiculation of active principles as a way to create smart and biofunctional textiles
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/192951
Vehiculation of active principles as a way to create smart and biofunctional textiles
Lis Arias, Manuel José; Coderch, Luisa; Martí Gilabert, Meritxell; Alonso, Cristina; García Carmona, Óscar; García Carmona, Carlos; Maesta Bezerra, Fabricio
In some specific fields of application (e.g., cosmetics, pharmacy), textile substrates need to incorporate sensible molecules (active principles) that can be affected if they are sprayed freely on the surface of fabrics. The effect is not controlled and sometimes this application is consequently neglected. Microencapsulation and functionalization using biocompatible vehicles and polymers has recently been demonstrated as an interesting way to avoid these problems. The use of defined structures (polymers) that protect the active principle allows controlled drug delivery and regulation of the dosing in every specific case. Many authors have studied the use of three different methodologies to incorporate active principles into textile substrates, and assessed their quantitative behavior. Citronella oil, as a natural insect repellent, has been vehicularized with two different protective substances; cyclodextrine (CD), which forms complexes with it, and microcapsules of gelatin-arabic gum. The retention capability of the complexes and microcapsules has been assessed using an in vitro experiment. Structural characteristics have been evaluated using thermogravimetric methods and microscopy. The results show very interesting long-term capability of dosing and promising applications for home use and on clothes in environmental conditions with the need to fight against insects. Ethyl hexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC) and gallic acid (GA) have both been vehicularized using two liposomic-based structures: Internal wool lipids (IWL) and phosphatidylcholine (PC). They were applied on polyamide and cotton substrates and the delivery assessed. The amount ofactive principle in the different layers of skin was determinedin vitrousing a Franz-cell diffusion chamber. The results show many new possibilities for application in skin therapeutics. Biofunctional devices with controlled functionality can be built using textile substrates and vehicles. As has been demonstrated, their behavior can be assessed usingin vitro methods that make extrapolation to their final applications possible
2020-07-15T08:51:06ZLis Arias, Manuel JoséCoderch, LuisaMartí Gilabert, MeritxellAlonso, CristinaGarcía Carmona, ÓscarGarcía Carmona, CarlosMaesta Bezerra, FabricioIn some specific fields of application (e.g., cosmetics, pharmacy), textile substrates need to incorporate sensible molecules (active principles) that can be affected if they are sprayed freely on the surface of fabrics. The effect is not controlled and sometimes this application is consequently neglected. Microencapsulation and functionalization using biocompatible vehicles and polymers has recently been demonstrated as an interesting way to avoid these problems. The use of defined structures (polymers) that protect the active principle allows controlled drug delivery and regulation of the dosing in every specific case. Many authors have studied the use of three different methodologies to incorporate active principles into textile substrates, and assessed their quantitative behavior. Citronella oil, as a natural insect repellent, has been vehicularized with two different protective substances; cyclodextrine (CD), which forms complexes with it, and microcapsules of gelatin-arabic gum. The retention capability of the complexes and microcapsules has been assessed using an in vitro experiment. Structural characteristics have been evaluated using thermogravimetric methods and microscopy. The results show very interesting long-term capability of dosing and promising applications for home use and on clothes in environmental conditions with the need to fight against insects. Ethyl hexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC) and gallic acid (GA) have both been vehicularized using two liposomic-based structures: Internal wool lipids (IWL) and phosphatidylcholine (PC). They were applied on polyamide and cotton substrates and the delivery assessed. The amount ofactive principle in the different layers of skin was determinedin vitrousing a Franz-cell diffusion chamber. The results show many new possibilities for application in skin therapeutics. Biofunctional devices with controlled functionality can be built using textile substrates and vehicles. As has been demonstrated, their behavior can be assessed usingin vitro methods that make extrapolation to their final applications possibleVector diseases treatment based on intermediate complexion using textile substrates
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/176002
Vector diseases treatment based on intermediate complexion using textile substrates
Maesta Bezerra, Fabricio; Silva, Tais Larissa; Lis Arias, Manuel José
The most efficient insect repellents are DEET (N, N-diethhyl-meta-toluamide) from synthetic origin and citronella essential oil from natural origin. However, there are other products that can also be used as insect repellents from synthetic origin, such as: DEPA (N, N-Diethyl Phenylacetamide), Icaridin, IR3535 and Permethrin and, of natural origin: Carapa guianesis, Atemisia vulgaris, Ocimim., basilicum, Cinnamomum camphora, Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus sp, Cymbopogon, Mentha pulegium. All those products are the basis of most commercial repellents; however the action of these repellents is of short duration, due to the volatility of the chemical compounds of these products and, therefore they offer an uncontrolled release. The authors have shown that there would be an alternative to control their release based on the complexation of the active principle (the repellent oil). Thus, the repellent will have its prolonged effect and will protect the user longer. The active principle can be used in repellent products, applied to the skin via spray or can be used on textiles. According to Lis Arias et al. when used in textiles, these products become biofunctional, enabling the delivery of assets for cosmetotextiles applications. Due to its specific response, biofunctional textiles are especially useful when the textile comes into close contact with the skin. Thus, these products can be used as insect repellents, reducing the number of infections caused by these vectors
2020-01-29T10:33:15ZMaesta Bezerra, FabricioSilva, Tais LarissaLis Arias, Manuel JoséThe most efficient insect repellents are DEET (N, N-diethhyl-meta-toluamide) from synthetic origin and citronella essential oil from natural origin. However, there are other products that can also be used as insect repellents from synthetic origin, such as: DEPA (N, N-Diethyl Phenylacetamide), Icaridin, IR3535 and Permethrin and, of natural origin: Carapa guianesis, Atemisia vulgaris, Ocimim., basilicum, Cinnamomum camphora, Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus sp, Cymbopogon, Mentha pulegium. All those products are the basis of most commercial repellents; however the action of these repellents is of short duration, due to the volatility of the chemical compounds of these products and, therefore they offer an uncontrolled release. The authors have shown that there would be an alternative to control their release based on the complexation of the active principle (the repellent oil). Thus, the repellent will have its prolonged effect and will protect the user longer. The active principle can be used in repellent products, applied to the skin via spray or can be used on textiles. According to Lis Arias et al. when used in textiles, these products become biofunctional, enabling the delivery of assets for cosmetotextiles applications. Due to its specific response, biofunctional textiles are especially useful when the textile comes into close contact with the skin. Thus, these products can be used as insect repellents, reducing the number of infections caused by these vectorsBiofunctional textiles
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/131927
Biofunctional textiles
Lis Arias, Manuel José; Martí, Meritxell; Coderch Negra, Luisa; Alonso, Cristina; Maesta Bezerra, Fabricio; Immich, Ana Paula; Tornero, José Antonio
The aim of the chapter is to state different new possibilities that textile substrates offer for more specialized functions as Biomedical devices, Cos-metics, Skin treatment, and which are the mechanisms involved in such new applications. How to quantify the transport phenomena from the substrate to the skin, or to surrounding different medium, in which they have to be used.Textiles are covering 80% of the human body and a big percentage of that is in close contact with skin. If the system of vehiculization of the active principles is, carefully, designed, the reservoir effect of the polymeric chains of fibers can play a very interesting role in the delivery of the active prin-ciple. Microencapsulation, lipidic aggregates and nanofibers, have shown very promising experimental results. These results will help to other research-ers to develop, more accurate systems, which will valorize textile substrates, fibers and tissues for the use in more sophisticated fields.
2019-04-24T11:41:27ZLis Arias, Manuel JoséMartí, MeritxellCoderch Negra, LuisaAlonso, CristinaMaesta Bezerra, FabricioImmich, Ana PaulaTornero, José AntonioThe aim of the chapter is to state different new possibilities that textile substrates offer for more specialized functions as Biomedical devices, Cos-metics, Skin treatment, and which are the mechanisms involved in such new applications. How to quantify the transport phenomena from the substrate to the skin, or to surrounding different medium, in which they have to be used.Textiles are covering 80% of the human body and a big percentage of that is in close contact with skin. If the system of vehiculization of the active principles is, carefully, designed, the reservoir effect of the polymeric chains of fibers can play a very interesting role in the delivery of the active prin-ciple. Microencapsulation, lipidic aggregates and nanofibers, have shown very promising experimental results. These results will help to other research-ers to develop, more accurate systems, which will valorize textile substrates, fibers and tissues for the use in more sophisticated fields.Thermoplastic elastomers filled with GTR
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/123151
Thermoplastic elastomers filled with GTR
Formela, Krzysztof; Haponiuk, Josef T; Wang, S.; Colom Fajula, Xavier
Rubber is used in a vast number of products, from tyres on vehicles to disposable surgical gloves. Increasingly both manufacturers and legislators are realising that recycling is essential for environmental sustainability and can improve the cost of manufacture. The volume of rubber waste produced globally makes it difficult to manage as accumulated waste rubber, especially in the form of tyres, can pose a significant fire risk. Recycling rubber not only prevents this problem but can produce new materials with desirable properties that virgin rubbers lack. This book presents an up-to-date overview of the fundamental and applied aspects of renewability and recyclability of rubber materials, emphasising existing recycling technologies with significant potential for future applications along with a detailed outline of new technology based processing of rubber to reuse and recycle. This book will be of interest to researchers in both academia and industry as well as postgraduate students working in polymer chemistry, materials processing, materials science and engineering
2018-10-29T13:21:41ZFormela, KrzysztofHaponiuk, Josef TWang, S.Colom Fajula, XavierRubber is used in a vast number of products, from tyres on vehicles to disposable surgical gloves. Increasingly both manufacturers and legislators are realising that recycling is essential for environmental sustainability and can improve the cost of manufacture. The volume of rubber waste produced globally makes it difficult to manage as accumulated waste rubber, especially in the form of tyres, can pose a significant fire risk. Recycling rubber not only prevents this problem but can produce new materials with desirable properties that virgin rubbers lack. This book presents an up-to-date overview of the fundamental and applied aspects of renewability and recyclability of rubber materials, emphasising existing recycling technologies with significant potential for future applications along with a detailed outline of new technology based processing of rubber to reuse and recycle. This book will be of interest to researchers in both academia and industry as well as postgraduate students working in polymer chemistry, materials processing, materials science and engineering