Capítols de llibre
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/1476
2024-03-28T12:42:20ZMolecular regulation of plant responses to shade
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/380594
Molecular regulation of plant responses to shade
Roig Villanova, Irma; Martínez García, Jaime Francisco
In sun-loving plants, detection of the proximity of nearby competitors triggers a set of responses known as the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). These responses will help the plant to acclimate to the proximity of vegetation that might compromise light availability and limit plant development. Plants sense the presence of nearby competitor vegetation as changes in the light quality, i.e. a reduced red (R) to far-red light (FR) ratio (R:FR). Among the various responses to neighboring plants, one of the best studied and characterized is the promotion of the hypocotyl elongation in seedlings of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, that might help them to outcompete neighboring seedlings and reach better light conditions. In addition to this and other developmental changes, shade-perception affects photosynthetic capacity and reduces plant defense. In this chapter, we will review the main molecular aspects that control the regulation of hypocotyl elongation, including the role of the phytochrome photoreceptors, that sense the signal, and the best known genetic and hormonal components that participate downstream shade perception. Because of the obvious interest for translating this knowledge to agriculture, we will also explore what is known about the molecular interaction between shade perception, defense responses and the growth-defense trade-off observed in high planting density.
2023-01-17T11:44:45ZRoig Villanova, IrmaMartínez García, Jaime FranciscoIn sun-loving plants, detection of the proximity of nearby competitors triggers a set of responses known as the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). These responses will help the plant to acclimate to the proximity of vegetation that might compromise light availability and limit plant development. Plants sense the presence of nearby competitor vegetation as changes in the light quality, i.e. a reduced red (R) to far-red light (FR) ratio (R:FR). Among the various responses to neighboring plants, one of the best studied and characterized is the promotion of the hypocotyl elongation in seedlings of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, that might help them to outcompete neighboring seedlings and reach better light conditions. In addition to this and other developmental changes, shade-perception affects photosynthetic capacity and reduces plant defense. In this chapter, we will review the main molecular aspects that control the regulation of hypocotyl elongation, including the role of the phytochrome photoreceptors, that sense the signal, and the best known genetic and hormonal components that participate downstream shade perception. Because of the obvious interest for translating this knowledge to agriculture, we will also explore what is known about the molecular interaction between shade perception, defense responses and the growth-defense trade-off observed in high planting density.A new sustainability assessment method for façade cladding panels: a case study of fiber/textile reinforced cement sheets
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/367040
A new sustainability assessment method for façade cladding panels: a case study of fiber/textile reinforced cement sheets
Sadrolodabaee, Payam; Hosseini, Seyed Mohammad Amin; Ardanuy Raso, Mònica; Claramunt Blanes, Josep; Fuente Antequera, Albert de la
As the building sector is one of the leading responsible for energy consumption and CO2 emissions, criteria of sustainability, availability, and recyclability should be considered for developing materials even in the envelopes. Façade, as the first element against the undesirable external impact, may contribute to building sustainability by reducing the amount of energy consumption and providing indoor environment quality for the inhabitants. The envelope excluding its aesthetic function should fulfill certain requirements such as strength, flexibility, ductility, lightness, thermal and acoustical insulation, durability, and sustainability. Fiber/Textile cement sheets as an interesting architectural material attract great interest during the last decade, especially those reinforced with more sustainable fibers like vegetables or textile wastes. In this sense, this paper presents a novel model to evaluate the sustainability index of façade cladding panel, especially the fiber/textile cement board. To this end, a new model for assessing objectively the façade cladding sustainability was designed and developed based on MIVES according to the value function concept and seminars of experts.
2022-05-06T14:31:36ZSadrolodabaee, PayamHosseini, Seyed Mohammad AminArdanuy Raso, MònicaClaramunt Blanes, JosepFuente Antequera, Albert de laAs the building sector is one of the leading responsible for energy consumption and CO2 emissions, criteria of sustainability, availability, and recyclability should be considered for developing materials even in the envelopes. Façade, as the first element against the undesirable external impact, may contribute to building sustainability by reducing the amount of energy consumption and providing indoor environment quality for the inhabitants. The envelope excluding its aesthetic function should fulfill certain requirements such as strength, flexibility, ductility, lightness, thermal and acoustical insulation, durability, and sustainability. Fiber/Textile cement sheets as an interesting architectural material attract great interest during the last decade, especially those reinforced with more sustainable fibers like vegetables or textile wastes. In this sense, this paper presents a novel model to evaluate the sustainability index of façade cladding panel, especially the fiber/textile cement board. To this end, a new model for assessing objectively the façade cladding sustainability was designed and developed based on MIVES according to the value function concept and seminars of experts.Encapsulated Bifidobacterium BB-12 addition in a concentrated lactose-free yogurt: its survival during storage and effects on the product's properties
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/355860
Encapsulated Bifidobacterium BB-12 addition in a concentrated lactose-free yogurt: its survival during storage and effects on the product's properties
Dantas, Adriana; Verruck, Silvani; Hernández Yáñez, Eduard; Machado Canella, Maria Helena; Prudêncio, Elane Schwinden
This work aims to manufacture a new concentrated lactose-free probiotic yogurt. For
this purpose, the probiotic Bifidocaterium BB-12 was incorporated in a concentrated
lactose-free yogurt, both in its free form and previously encapsulated. Previous cell
encapsulation was performed using the spray-drying technique with the following wall
materials: lactose-free milk, lactose-free milk and inulin, and lactose-free milk and
oligofructose. Thus, three different probiotic powders were obtained and added
separately to three fractions of concentrated lactose-free yogurt. The probiotic survival
of both powders and yogurts was evaluated during refrigerated storage. Likewise, the
viability of starter cultures in yogurt (Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus
thermophilus) was controlled. In addition, the physicochemical properties of the four
yogurts were also measured (color, pH and acidity, and texture properties). All three
powders showed good probiotic viability (>8 log CFU g-1) throughout 120 days of
storage at 4 ºC. In turn, yogurt formulations (with the addition of powders or free
bifidobacteria) presented probiotic viability above 7 log CFU g-1 after storage; as well
as the starter cultures (> 8 log UFC g-1). Yogurt with probiotic powder from lactosefree
milk showed a more yellowish color; however, these differences would not be
detected by the human eye (¿E < 3.00). The yogurt with bifidobacteria free cells
showed a greater post-acidification process (pH 4.18 to 4.02 and titratable acidity 1.52
to 1.89). It was not observed differences for firmness values of yogurt with free cells
addition and yogurt with lactose-free milk and oligofructose powder addition. A slight
significant decrease in the cohesiveness was observed in the yogurt elaborated with
bifidobacteria free cells. The gumminess showed fluctuating values between all concentrated lactose-free yogurts. At the end of this study, we conclude that these
probiotic powders can be incorporated into innovative lactose-free yogurts.
2021-11-09T13:34:16ZDantas, AdrianaVerruck, SilvaniHernández Yáñez, EduardMachado Canella, Maria HelenaPrudêncio, Elane SchwindenThis work aims to manufacture a new concentrated lactose-free probiotic yogurt. For
this purpose, the probiotic Bifidocaterium BB-12 was incorporated in a concentrated
lactose-free yogurt, both in its free form and previously encapsulated. Previous cell
encapsulation was performed using the spray-drying technique with the following wall
materials: lactose-free milk, lactose-free milk and inulin, and lactose-free milk and
oligofructose. Thus, three different probiotic powders were obtained and added
separately to three fractions of concentrated lactose-free yogurt. The probiotic survival
of both powders and yogurts was evaluated during refrigerated storage. Likewise, the
viability of starter cultures in yogurt (Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus
thermophilus) was controlled. In addition, the physicochemical properties of the four
yogurts were also measured (color, pH and acidity, and texture properties). All three
powders showed good probiotic viability (>8 log CFU g-1) throughout 120 days of
storage at 4 ºC. In turn, yogurt formulations (with the addition of powders or free
bifidobacteria) presented probiotic viability above 7 log CFU g-1 after storage; as well
as the starter cultures (> 8 log UFC g-1). Yogurt with probiotic powder from lactosefree
milk showed a more yellowish color; however, these differences would not be
detected by the human eye (¿E < 3.00). The yogurt with bifidobacteria free cells
showed a greater post-acidification process (pH 4.18 to 4.02 and titratable acidity 1.52
to 1.89). It was not observed differences for firmness values of yogurt with free cells
addition and yogurt with lactose-free milk and oligofructose powder addition. A slight
significant decrease in the cohesiveness was observed in the yogurt elaborated with
bifidobacteria free cells. The gumminess showed fluctuating values between all concentrated lactose-free yogurts. At the end of this study, we conclude that these
probiotic powders can be incorporated into innovative lactose-free yogurts.Estudios sobre gestión y tratamiento de deyecciones ganaderas en el LEA: un ejemplo de investigación orientada
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/346021
Estudios sobre gestión y tratamiento de deyecciones ganaderas en el LEA: un ejemplo de investigación orientada
Flotats Ripoll, Xavier; Bonmatí Blasi, August; Campos Pozuelo, Elena; Teira Esmatges, Rosa Maria; Palatsi Civit, Jordi; Magrí Aloy, Albert; Illa Alibés, Josep
En el presente capítulo se hace una revisión de trabajos de investigación y desarrollo sobre gestión y tratamiento de deyecciones ganaderas por parte de un grupo de investigación desde mediados de los años 90. Con un enfoque orientado a encontrar soluciones, ha sido necesario combinar los trabajos más básicos, orientados a conocer los fundamentos de los procesos, con los más aplicados, orientados a optimizar su aplicación en condiciones de campo reales. En esta combinación se mostraron muy útiles los ensayos en laboratorio y en planta piloto, el seguimiento de instalaciones industriales, el trabajo de campo y las herramientas de modelización matemática y simulación numérica, tanto para entender los fenómenos observados como para optimizar el diseño y el escalado de las instalaciones. Como resultado de los diferentes trabajos, se concluye que las deyecciones son un subproducto de la producción animal y no un residuo, que es posible la recuperación de nutrientes para sustituir fertilizantes minerales y que la digestión anaerobia es un proceso clave en cualquier estrategia tecnológica sostenible de gestión de deyecciones, solas o combinadas con residuos orgánicos de origen agroalimentario.
2021-05-24T11:39:25ZFlotats Ripoll, XavierBonmatí Blasi, AugustCampos Pozuelo, ElenaTeira Esmatges, Rosa MariaPalatsi Civit, JordiMagrí Aloy, AlbertIlla Alibés, JosepEn el presente capítulo se hace una revisión de trabajos de investigación y desarrollo sobre gestión y tratamiento de deyecciones ganaderas por parte de un grupo de investigación desde mediados de los años 90. Con un enfoque orientado a encontrar soluciones, ha sido necesario combinar los trabajos más básicos, orientados a conocer los fundamentos de los procesos, con los más aplicados, orientados a optimizar su aplicación en condiciones de campo reales. En esta combinación se mostraron muy útiles los ensayos en laboratorio y en planta piloto, el seguimiento de instalaciones industriales, el trabajo de campo y las herramientas de modelización matemática y simulación numérica, tanto para entender los fenómenos observados como para optimizar el diseño y el escalado de las instalaciones. Como resultado de los diferentes trabajos, se concluye que las deyecciones son un subproducto de la producción animal y no un residuo, que es posible la recuperación de nutrientes para sustituir fertilizantes minerales y que la digestión anaerobia es un proceso clave en cualquier estrategia tecnológica sostenible de gestión de deyecciones, solas o combinadas con residuos orgánicos de origen agroalimentario.Approaches to study light effects on brassinosteroid sensitivity
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/345477
Approaches to study light effects on brassinosteroid sensitivity
Paulišic, Sandi; Molina Contreras, Maria José; Roig Villanova, Irma; Martínez García, Jaime Francisco
Light perception and hormone signaling in plants are likely connected at multiple points. Light conditions, perceived by photoreceptors, control plant responses by altering hormone concentration, tissue sensitivity, or a combination of both. Whereas it is relatively straightforward to assess the light effects on hormone levels, hormone sensitivity is subjected to interpretation. In Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, hypocotyl length is strongly affected by light conditions. As hypocotyl elongation also depends on brassinosteroids (BRs), assaying this response provides a valuable and easy way to measure the responsiveness of seedlings to BRs and the impact of light. We describe a simple protocol to evaluate the responsiveness of hypocotyls to commercial BRs and/or BR inhibitors under a range of light conditions. These assays can be used to establish whether light affects BR sensitivity or whether BRs affect light sensitivity. Overall, our protocol can be easily applied for deetiolation (under polychromatic or monochromatic light) and simulated shade treatments combined with BR treatments.
2021-05-12T07:50:45ZPaulišic, SandiMolina Contreras, Maria JoséRoig Villanova, IrmaMartínez García, Jaime FranciscoLight perception and hormone signaling in plants are likely connected at multiple points. Light conditions, perceived by photoreceptors, control plant responses by altering hormone concentration, tissue sensitivity, or a combination of both. Whereas it is relatively straightforward to assess the light effects on hormone levels, hormone sensitivity is subjected to interpretation. In Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, hypocotyl length is strongly affected by light conditions. As hypocotyl elongation also depends on brassinosteroids (BRs), assaying this response provides a valuable and easy way to measure the responsiveness of seedlings to BRs and the impact of light. We describe a simple protocol to evaluate the responsiveness of hypocotyls to commercial BRs and/or BR inhibitors under a range of light conditions. These assays can be used to establish whether light affects BR sensitivity or whether BRs affect light sensitivity. Overall, our protocol can be easily applied for deetiolation (under polychromatic or monochromatic light) and simulated shade treatments combined with BR treatments.Nematodes
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/341634
Nematodes
Sorribas Royo, Francisco Javier; Djian Caporalino, Caroline; Mateille, Thierry
Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) represent an important constraint for plant production worldwide. They are widely distributed around the world and are able to parasitize every plant species. Furthermore, the current restrictions on the use of chemical nematicides have increased the problems caused by PPNs, irrespec-tive of the production system. Intensive vegetable production under protected culti-vation is the system most vulnerable to PPN, especially to root-knot nematodes.
2021-03-15T10:34:06ZSorribas Royo, Francisco JavierDjian Caporalino, CarolineMateille, ThierryPlant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) represent an important constraint for plant production worldwide. They are widely distributed around the world and are able to parasitize every plant species. Furthermore, the current restrictions on the use of chemical nematicides have increased the problems caused by PPNs, irrespec-tive of the production system. Intensive vegetable production under protected culti-vation is the system most vulnerable to PPN, especially to root-knot nematodes.Els gens
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/184888
Els gens
Casals Missio, Joan; Casañas, Francesc; Simó Cruanyes, Joan; Jordana, Jordi; Arús, Pere; Puigdomènech, Pere
El territori dels països europeus com Catalunya està cobert per una gran diversitat d’espècies animals i vegetals i per microorganismes. Probablement no hi ha actualment cap espècie existent a casa nostra que, amb diferents graus d’intensitat, no hagi sofert l’acció de l’espècie humana. Segons aquesta intensitat podem distingir dos tipus d’espècies: aquelles que poblen el que anomenem els hàbitats naturals i aquelles que poblen els terrenys cultivats o els entorns urbans. En aquest capítol ens ocuparem ’de les espècies que viuen en el nostre territori perquè compleixen una funció en la nostra agricultura i la nostra ramaderia.
2020-04-24T08:35:18ZCasals Missio, JoanCasañas, FrancescSimó Cruanyes, JoanJordana, JordiArús, PerePuigdomènech, PereEl territori dels països europeus com Catalunya està cobert per una gran diversitat d’espècies animals i vegetals i per microorganismes. Probablement no hi ha actualment cap espècie existent a casa nostra que, amb diferents graus d’intensitat, no hagi sofert l’acció de l’espècie humana. Segons aquesta intensitat podem distingir dos tipus d’espècies: aquelles que poblen el que anomenem els hàbitats naturals i aquelles que poblen els terrenys cultivats o els entorns urbans. En aquest capítol ens ocuparem ’de les espècies que viuen en el nostre territori perquè compleixen una funció en la nostra agricultura i la nostra ramaderia.Shade avoidance and neighbor detection
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/184857
Shade avoidance and neighbor detection
Roig Villanova, Irma; Paulišic, Sandi; Martínez García, Jaime Francisco
Plants detect neighboring vegetation as potential competitors for resources. Vegetation proximity is perceived by changes in the red (R) to far-red (FR) ratio (R:FR) through the phytochrome photorecep-tors. To face this challenge, many plants have evolved the strategy to avoid shade, displaying a series of responses known as the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). The SAS responses have been mostly studied at the seedling stage, and cover hypocotyl elongation as well as cotyledon and primary leaf expansion. In adult stages, SAS responses include an increase in petiole elongation and a decrease in leaf expansion, and an increase in plant height. Thus, the analysis of these responses provides a valuable and simple way to study how vegetation proximity affects plant development in both seedlings and adult plants. Here we describe a simple protocol to simulate shade in the laboratory and to evaluate these responses. Overall, our protocol can be easily used to expand the set of SAS responses of plants at different stages of development.
2020-04-24T07:34:50ZRoig Villanova, IrmaPaulišic, SandiMartínez García, Jaime FranciscoPlants detect neighboring vegetation as potential competitors for resources. Vegetation proximity is perceived by changes in the red (R) to far-red (FR) ratio (R:FR) through the phytochrome photorecep-tors. To face this challenge, many plants have evolved the strategy to avoid shade, displaying a series of responses known as the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). The SAS responses have been mostly studied at the seedling stage, and cover hypocotyl elongation as well as cotyledon and primary leaf expansion. In adult stages, SAS responses include an increase in petiole elongation and a decrease in leaf expansion, and an increase in plant height. Thus, the analysis of these responses provides a valuable and simple way to study how vegetation proximity affects plant development in both seedlings and adult plants. Here we describe a simple protocol to simulate shade in the laboratory and to evaluate these responses. Overall, our protocol can be easily used to expand the set of SAS responses of plants at different stages of development.Solanáceas ante el cambio climático: retos y mejora genética
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/170215
Solanáceas ante el cambio climático: retos y mejora genética
Casals Missio, Joan; Fita, Ana; Plazas, Mariola; Simó Cruanyes, Joan; Rodríguez Burruezo, Adrián
El tomate es, después de la patata (Solanum tuberosum L.), la segunda especie hortícola más cultivada en el mundo, especialmente desde su introducción en Europa desde América a partir de los siglos XVI-XVII (si bien con muchas reticencias iniciales al igual que la patata), de donde se extendió a África, Asia y América del Norte
2019-10-16T11:32:20ZCasals Missio, JoanFita, AnaPlazas, MariolaSimó Cruanyes, JoanRodríguez Burruezo, AdriánEl tomate es, después de la patata (Solanum tuberosum L.), la segunda especie hortícola más cultivada en el mundo, especialmente desde su introducción en Europa desde América a partir de los siglos XVI-XVII (si bien con muchas reticencias iniciales al igual que la patata), de donde se extendió a África, Asia y América del NorteImplantación de la digestión anaerobia en el sector agropecuario
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/116592
Implantación de la digestión anaerobia en el sector agropecuario
Flotats Ripoll, Xavier
2018-04-23T17:50:23ZFlotats Ripoll, Xavier