Two cases of massive sulphate attack to cement treated embankments and track bases in a high speed railway line are described. In the first case, two large access embankments to a railway viaduct were treated with jet–grouting ...

The paper summarizes first a set of field observations in connection with the severe heave experienced by Lilla tunnel excavated in a Tertiary anhydritic claystone. Heave and swelling pressures against the tunnel rigid ...

The measured swelling pressures against tunnel linings range between a fraction of one MPa and 6–7 MPa. A strong spatial heterogeneity is often observed. The paper integrates these considerations into a procedure to design ...

The wide range of gypsum facies observed all over the world and the strong heterogeneity that may be present even within a single facies often cause an inhomogeneous mechanical response that, if neglected, may be particularly ...

Geological formations containing sulphates are commonly associated with the development of severe expansions when they are involved in tunnel excavation. The intensity of the observed expansive behaviour in these materials ...

Precipitation of gypsum crystals explains the severe swelling occurred in some tunnels crossing sulphate formations. The presence of groundwater and discontinuities, and the proportions of anhydrite and gypsum within the ...

The development of fissures in a building placed at the site of an ancient quarry excavated in a Keuper formation motivated a detailed in-situ investigation of the foundation material. Severe fissures and cracks were present ...

The heave of the central pillars of a railway bridge, founded on large-diameter bored piles, is a consequence of gypsum crystal growth in an anhydritic claystone stratum underlying the tip of the piles. The heave mechanism ...

La intensidad del comportamiento expansivo observado en excavaciones de túneles en arcillas sulfatadas es mayor que en otras rocas y suelos expansivos libres de sulfatos. En la mayoría de casos la funcionalidad y la ...